论程嘉燧的诗歌理论与创作——兼论其对晚明诗坛的影响

On Cheng Jiasui’s Poetry Theory and Creation:A Concurrent Study on its Influence on Poetry in Late Ming Dynasty

明代诗坛复古派与反复古派之间的斗争贯穿始终。程嘉燧作为古学根基深厚的嘉定地区文人,其诗学思想呈现出“中和”特色。他的诗法论继承了前后七子的复古主义而又能不拘泥其中,兼宗多家;取法公安、竟陵两派之性情论但同样重视格调;诗歌评价从实用主义和知人论世着眼;诗歌创作方面注重风骨气韵,追求不事雕琢、清新天然的风格。他的诗歌理论在晚明诗坛上起到了别裁伪体、矫正一代诗风的作用,影响了钱谦益,并通过他促进了明末清初诗风的转变。

The struggle between the reversionaries and the anti-reversionary school runs through the Ming poetry circle.Cheng Jiasui,as a scholar of Jiading with a profound theoretical foundation of ancient studies,showed the characteristic of“neutralization”in his poetics.His poetic theory inherited the revivalism doctrine,but he didn’t stick to it;He followed the Disposition theory of Gong’an and Jingling schools as well as focused on the style;His evaluation of poetry focused on pragmatism and understanding the world;His poetry creation paid attention to the charm of character and praised natural style.His poetic theory played a role in the late Ming poetry circle in distinguishing pseudo-style and correcting the poetic style,influenced Qian Qianyi,and promoted the change of poetic style in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.