投标保证金适用乱象法律规制研究

Research on the Legal Regulation of Chaos in the Application of Bid Security

目前在采购活动中胡乱收取、超期占用、非法挪用投标保证金以及肆意适用定金罚则等问题,严重损害了投标人合法权益。其产生的主要原因是法律规范模糊不清,具体体现在投标保证金法律性质不明、制度安排上存在规范缺失以及投标人救济途径单一。改革现行投标保证金制度,应当首先明确投标保证金的法律性质,在理论层面加以明确界定,并完善投标保证金的制度安排,拓宽投标人的救济途径,以此规范现行采购活动有关投标保证金之乱象。

At present,the problems of arbitrary collection,overdue occupation,illegal misappropriation of bid security and wanton application of deposit penalties in procurement activities have seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of bidders.The main reason is that the legal norms are vague,which is embodied in the unclear legal nature of the bid security,the lack of norms in the institutional arrangement and the single way of relief for the bidder.To reform the current bid security system,we should firstly clarify the legal nature of the bid security,define it clearly at the theoretical level,improve the institutional arrangement of the bid security,and broaden the relief ways of bidders,so as to standardize the disorder of the bid security in the current procurement activities.