民族交融视野下的十六国墓葬

Burials of the Sixteen Kingdoms in a perspective of ethnic integration

十六国墓葬可以集约出吐鲁番—河西、辽西、关中三个重点区域。三个区域墓葬所呈现的民族交融状况对应三种类型:吐鲁番—河西地区其他民族基本接受了汉文化,辽西地区汉人鲜卑化现象突出,关中地区呈现出胡汉交融状态。关中墓葬材料显示北方地区从十六国已经开启了巨大转变,而不待北朝。北朝隋唐墓葬的基本特点,如多有天井、过洞、小龛和土雕建筑,壁画从墓室延伸到甬道和墓道之中,随葬成套铠甲鼓吹俑、武士俑和伎乐俑,不过是关中地区十六国墓葬的延续和发展,这是关中十六国墓葬的创造性价值,是对民族交融状况特别而充分的展示。

The tombs of the Sixteen Kingdoms were intensively located in Turpan-Hexi,Liaoxi and Guanzhong.The patterns of ethnic fusion in the three regional tombs correspond to three types:Turpan-Hexi area generally accepted the Han culture;the phenomenon of the Han people becoming the Xianbei was prominent in the Liaoxi area;the Guanzhong area saw the merge of the Hu and the Han.The tombs in Guanzhong show that the northern region had undergone a huge transformation since the Sixteen Kingdoms,prior to the Northern Dynasties.The basic characteristics of the tombs in the Northern Sui and Tang Dynasties include:patios,caves,small niches,and earth-carved buildings.The murals extend from the chambers to the corridors,where armored figurines,samurai figurines,and troupe figurines were buried in set.The characteristics of these tombs in the Northern Dynasties,Sui and Tang Dynasties made a continuation and development on basis of the Sixteen Kingdoms in the Guanzhong area.They,altogether,made the creativity of the tombs of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Guanzhong,while being a special and full demonstration of ethnic integration then.