西安米家崖遗址出土骨器初步研究

On the bone tools unearthed from the Mijiaya site,Xi’an

西安米家崖新石器时代遗址出土的骨器,以生产工具类占绝大多数,装饰品和卜骨只有少许。骨器制作工序包括原料选择、制作骨料、制作雏形与修整加工等环节,技术手段则有切割、刮削、钻孔及打磨等。对遗址内仰韶晚期、庙底沟二期和客省庄二期三个时段的对比分析表明,骨器的类别整体上差异不大,但数量仍有逐渐增加的趋势,工艺水平也有所提高,显示区域经济技术与社会发展进步。对各期骨器与周边遗址同期遗存间的对比分析表明,关中地区新石器时代晚期诸遗址间,骨器方面的共性较强,较大区域内人们生产方式上有较强的相似性和文化传统上的共性。

446 pieces of bone artifacts,dating to the late Yangshao,MiaodigouⅡand Keshengzhuang cultures,were excavated from the Neolithic Site of Mijiaya in Xi’an.Bone tools made the majority among all bone artifacts.A comparative analysis of bone artifacts through the three different periods from either this site or other sites of the same archaeological cultures around Xi’an suggests a great similarity,which indicates a common lifestyle through a long time span and a cultural continuation.The types and total numbers of bone artifacts increased gradually,while techniques also evolved.The developments reveal a progress of regional economy,technology and society.The production process of bone tools includes raw material selection,shape cutting,rough processing,and elaborate processing.Cutting,scraping,drilling,and polishing made the main techniques.The production technologies varied according to the purposes of the products.