双“每”句中的受约变量及其优势解读

Double Mei(每)Constructions:Bound Variable Interpretations and Salient Reading

“每Cl-NP;+V+每Cl-NP;的+NP;”句式涉及“每”-短语做受约变量这一汉语独特的现象,以往的研究并未深入讨论。本文从生成语法和形式语义学的角度,认为“每-Cl-NP;”受到全称量化短语“每-Cl-NP;”的约束,作用是使NP;成为变量,从而与NP;形成匹配关系。句法上,受到约束理论的制约,“每-Cl-NP;”不能是先行语的共论元,而必须是先行语共论元中的修饰语。语义上,NP;不能是定指的,指谓的集合基数必须大于一;根据NP;在现实生活中是否被NP;独占,它们之间有一一对应和非多对一两种关系。“每-Cl-NP;”存在歧义,但是事件的个人性、不可重复性会使其倾向于受约变量解读。本文还提出,“一-Cl-NP”“各”和“都”帮助下的“谁”也能有重复式受约变量用法,尽管它们之间匹配要求不同。

Mei-Cl-NP;+V+Mei-Cl-NP;+De+NP;sentences involve the unique Mandarin phenomenon of “Mei”-phrase as a bound variable, which has not been discussed in depth in previous studies.From the perspective of generative grammar and formal semantics, the paper holds that Mei-Cl-NP;is bound by the universal quantifier phrase Mei-Cl-NP;, and its function is to help NP;become a variable so that NP;and NP;can form a matching relationship.Syntactically, this use observes the constraints imposed by Binding Theory.Mei-Cl-NP;cannot be a co-argument with its antecedent, and has to be a modifier of the co-argument.Semantically, NP;cannot be definite, and the cardinality of the set it denotes must be greater than one.According to whether NP;is unique for NP;in real life, the construction has two types of semantics: a one-to-one relation and a non-many-to-one relation between NP;and NP;.Mei-Cl-NP;is ambiguous, though the bound variable reading is salient in some cases, which is usually related to individuality or non-repeatability of the event in question.The paper also points out that yi-Cl-NP, ge, and shui with the help of dou can all have the same pattern as mei-Cl-NP;, though they have different matching requirements.