基线/阐释模型下的汉语离合词现象研究

Chinese Splittable Compounds from the Perspective of Baseline/Elaboration Model

汉语离合词可离析为两个语素入句,这为主流形式句法学“物化”式的研究方法带来挑战。本文以认知语法提出的基线/阐释模型为理论框架考察这类现象的认知动因。本文提出,离合词的离析使用是离析构式对作为基线的离合词进行阐释操作的结果。这种阐释操作实质是与离合词的构成语素建立起成分联接,从而导致两语素成分的突显度增加并造成其进一步离子化。非离合词的创新离析使用还涉及构成成分的转喻用法。本文分析可自然地解释不同类离析形式的单向蕴含关系以及离合词演变的渐进性,也为我们认识汉语离合词的本质提供了新的视角。

In Chinese, the separation of a splittable compound into two morphemes functioning just as syntactic elements poses a challenge to the “reification” approach of the mainstream formal linguistics.This paper analyzes the cognitive motivation of this syntactic phenomenon under the framework of the baseline/elaboration model proposed by cognitive grammar.It is proposed that the split structure is derived from the elaboration of the compound(i.e.the baseline) by the inserted construction.The elaboration as such consists in establishing the conceptual connection with one of the two morphemes, and thus leads to an increase in the prominence of the two morphemes and contributes to their further ionization.Besides, the novel split use of non-splittable words also involves the metonymic usage of one of their constituents.The analysis in this paper provides a natural explanation for the unidirectional predictability of the different split types as well as their diachronic gradualness, and it also provides a new perspective on the nature of the splittable compound.