“有物必有则”:从过程的观点看

Everything Possesses Its Certain Law:Discussing from the Perspective of Process

冯友兰、朱熹的“有物必有则”是一种形而上学的理论形态,包含“理”的形而上学和“物”的形而上学。前者承认了“理”作为“物”的合法性授予者,导致不具备合法性的“物”遭到理论的排斥;后者试图在“物”的存在性与过程性之间取得融合,但是,存在与过程二者的冲突并没有获得相应的关注。因此,理学无法解决传统的“理”和“物”分离的困境,进而采取过程的“有物必有则”,取消“理”和“物”的形而上学。“物”是过程某时刻的对象,“理”是该对象具有的变化趋势,二者伴随过程的发展而获得相应的形态及趋势,从而解决传统的“是先有飞机,还是先有飞机之理”的问题。

The idea of“Everything Possesses Its Certain Law”proposed by Feng Youlan and Zhu Xi is thought to be a form of metaphysical theory,including the metaphysics of“li”(law)and the metaphysics of“wu”(object).The former recognizes“li”as the legitimator of“wu”,which leads to the exclusion of“wu”without legitimacy.The latter tries to integrate the existence and process of“wu”,but the conflict between them has not been paid enough attention.Therefore,Neo Confucianism cannot solve the traditional dilemma of separation of“li”and“wu”,and then takes the idea of“Everything Possesses Its Certain law”from the perspective of process,canceling the metaphysics of“li”and“wu”.“Wu”is the object of the process at a certain time while“li”is the change trend of the object,both of which obtain the corresponding form and trend in the development of the process.It solves the traditional problem of“Which came first,an airplane or the law of an airplane?”.