论西夏建元前诗文兼证其族源

Study on the Western Xia's Literature and Documents Before the Founding of the State and the Verification of Its Ethnic Origin

西夏建元前的作品皆用汉语写作,数量不多,但蕴含丰富。诗体主要有诗、歌、谚等。关于民族记忆的描写,和《诗经》《史记》记载的玄鸟生商一致,因此党项人就是殷商时代的氐羌。西夏建元前的文章主要是与宋朝往来的表记奏誓等外交文书,写作的语言、结构、体式、文风与宋文似乎看不出有多大差异,区别在于党项文依经立意,平和而凌厉,灵巧而逻辑,而宋文略有卑微气息。根据黑水城出土的西夏文献,族源是阿母吞鸟卵感生,和《诗经》《史记》记载简狄的天命玄鸟,降而生商记载一致;西夏始祖阿母长两齿、白肚、金乳房和殷商后裔不与西周合作的西王母虎齿豹身一致。简狄和西王母均出自殷商的一支氐羌,表现二者故事的西夏的诗文,成为民族记忆。

The works of the Western Xia before the founding of the state were all written in Chinese,which are few in number but rich in content.Literary styles mainly include poems,songs,proverbs,etc.As the description of its ethnic memory is consistent with that recorded in The Book of Songs and Records of the Historian,it believes that the Dang Xiang people are Di Qiang of the Yin and Shang eras.The articles before the founding were mainly diplomatic documents recorded its communication with the Song Dynasty.The language,structure,and style of writing were not much different from those of the Song Dynasty.The differences were that the Dang Xiang writings were skillfully and logically expressed,mild but forceful,while the Song’s were slightly humble.According to the Western Xia documents unearthed in Heishui City,the origin of the clan is the result of A Mu,the first ancestor of Western Xia,swallowed a bird's egg,which is consistent with the records of Jian Di in The Book of Songs and Records of the Historian,who also swallowed the bird's egg and gave birth to the Shang.A Mu has two teeth,a white belly,and golden breasts,which is the same with the tiger-toothed and leopard-body of the Western Queen who is not cooperated with the Western Zhou Dynasty.Both Jian Di and the Western Queen came from a branch of Di Qiang in the Yin and Shang Dynasties,whose stories recorded in the written works of the Western Xia have become their ethnic memories.