运营隧道衬砌裂损与治理修复措施研究综述

Review of the Research on Lining Damage and Repair Measures for Tunnels in Operation

衬砌裂损是运营隧道中出现较多且较严重的病害之一,在一定程度上影响隧道结构的承载能力和稳定性,影响行人和车辆的正常运行。基于此,对衬砌裂损的原因、裂缝的分类、裂缝的检测方法和评价标准进行了系统调研和总结,对目前使用的裂损衬砌拆除和修复手段进行了客观评价,对未来的研究和发展趋势进行讨论。综述结果表明,衬砌裂损在隧道病害中所占比例高达82%,造成衬砌裂损的原因有很多,既包含复杂地质环境方面的客观因素,也包含施工设计方面的主观因素。衬砌的裂损并不是一种因素单独作用,而是几种因素共同作用的结果。进一步对衬砌的裂损机理和分类方法进行总结,根据不同的受力机理及裂口特征,可将裂缝分为环向、纵向、斜向裂缝。对裂损衬砌不同检测手段的优缺点及裂缝的判定标准进行整理,以便针对不同的情况选择合适的检测方法。根据裂缝出现位置及裂缝宽度总结了不同情况下裂缝的治理措施,对隧道建设提供相关病害预防的经验,减少衬砌修复治理所造成的经济损失。

Lining damage is one of the common and severe defects during the operation of tunnels and has an impact on the bearing capacity and stability of tunnel structure and the normal movement of pedestrians and vehicles to some extent. On this basis, the cause of lining damage, classification of cracks, and detection method and evaluation criteria for cracks were systematically investigated, researched and summarized in detail, the existing methods used for removal and repair of damaged linings were objectively evaluated, and the future research and development trend was discussed. The overview results showed that the lining damage accounted for 82% of the tunnel defects, and there were multiple causes of lining damage, including objective factors(e.g. complex geological conditions) and subjective factors in terms of construction and design. The lining damage was the result of several factors, rather than a single factor. The lining damage mechanism and classification method were further summarized, and according to a different stress mechanism and the crack characteristics, cracks could be divided into circumferential, longitudinal and diagonal cracks. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods for detecting damaged linings as well as the judgment criteria for cracks were sorted out to select an appropriate detection method for different situations.Based on the location and width of cracks, crack treatment measures for different situations were summarized, the experience in the prevention of relevant diseases was provided for the construction of tunnels, and the economic loss arising out of the repair and treatment of linings was reduced.