阿托品控制近视眼轴增长的研究进展

Research Progress of Atropine in Controlling Axial Growth of Myopia

儿童青少年近视已成为影响人们身心健康和生活质量的全球性公共卫生问题。我国青少年近视率居世界首位。近视的发生是由眼睛的屈光力和眼睛的长轴长度不匹配引起的。眼轴长度的调节是通过复杂的信号级联反应发生的,调节细胞生长的级联反应具有从视网膜到巩膜的方向。如何对儿童青少年近视采取简单有效的方法是当务之急。阿托品是唯一经循证医学验证能有效控制近视进展的药物。大剂量阿托品最有效,但副作用显著。小剂量阿托品也能有效减缓眼轴生长,不良反应少。然而,阿托品对眼组织的作用部位和作用机制仍不清楚。本文综述了眼球轴向生长的生理机制及阿托品对近视轴向生长的调节作用,从而控制近视度数增长的可行性。

Children’s myopia has become a global public health problem that affects people’s physical and mental health and quality of life.The rate of myopia among teenagers in China ranks the first in the world.The occurrence of myopia is caused by the mismatch between the refractive power of eye and the length of long axis of eye.The adjustment of eye axis length occurs through complex signal cascade reaction,and the cascade reaction regulating cell growth has the direction from retina to sclera.How to take simple and effective methods for children and adolescents’myopia is a top priority.Atropine is the only drug that has been verified by evidence-based medicine to effectively control the progression of myopia.High dose atropine is the most effective,but the side effects are significant.Low-dose Atropine can also effectively slow down the growth of ocular axis with less adverse reactions.However,the site and mechanism of action of atropine on eye tissue are still unclear.This paper summarized the physiological mechanism of eyeball axial growth and the regulatory effect of Atropine on axial growth of myopia,so as to control the feasibility of myopia degree growth.