乡村振兴背景下中西部脱贫地区产业兴旺实现路径

Realization path of industrial prosperity in the poverty alleviation areas of central and western China under the background of rural revitalization

实施乡村振兴战略开启了治理相对贫困和解决“三农”问题新的历史篇章,产业兴旺是乡村振兴的首要任务和根本保障。文章通过研究如何衡量产业兴旺、发展什么类型的产业以及存在哪些关键制约因素等内容,探索中西部脱贫地区实现产业兴旺的路径。首先,构建产业兴旺的综合评价体系,包括政治效益、社会效益、经济效益、生态效益4个维度,12项具体指标,无论发展什么类型产业均应考虑以上效益。其次,基于产业兴旺综合评价体系,运用AHP-FCE方法对不同类型的产业进行评价。综合效益的分值排序为:劳动密集型产业>乡村旅游业>特色手工业>特色种植业>特色养殖业。同时,从理论、实践、空间视角佐证了中西部脱贫地区发展劳动密集型产业的可行性,建议中西部脱贫地区跳出农业去发展农村,在乡(镇)中心建立产业园区,承接东部沿海地区转移的劳动密集型产业。最后,从发展基础、发展理念、发展要素、发展环境4个维度选取16项制约中西部脱贫地区发展劳动密集型产业的潜在影响因素,运用DEMATEL-ISM方法提取关键制约因素,包括基础设施、公共服务、内生动力、营商环境。解决好这些关键制约因素是实现中西部脱贫地区产业兴旺的前置条件。该研究丰富了产业兴旺的理论体系,具有较强的应用价值。

The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy opens a new historical chapter for alleviating relative poverty anddealing with issues related to ‘agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.’ Industrial prosperity is the primary task and fundamental guaran-tee of rural revitalization. By studying the ways of evaluating industrial prosperity, the types of industries, and their key restrictive fac-tors, this article explored the path to achieving industrial prosperity in the poverty alleviation areas in central and western China. First-ly, the article constructed a comprehensive benefit evaluation system for industrial prosperity, including four dimensions of politicalbenefit, social benefit, economic benefit, and ecological benefit, and 12 specific indicators. These benefits should be considered no mat-ter which type of industry is developed. Secondly, based on the comprehensive evaluation system of industrial prosperity, the AHP-FCEmethod was used to evaluate different types of industries, and the results based on the scores of comprehensive benefits were as follows:labor-intensive industries > rural tourism industry > characteristic handicraft industry > characteristic planting industry > characteristicbreeding industry. At the same time, from the perspectives of theory, practice, and development space, the feasibility of developing la-bor-intensive industries in these poverty alleviation areas was supported. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that the ru-ral areas in the poverty alleviation areas in central and western China should seek development beyond agricultural activities and estab-lish industrial parks in the center of townships(towns) to undertake labor-intensive industries transferred from the eastern coastal areas.Finally, this study selected 16 potential factors restricting the development of labor-intensive industries in these areas from the four di-mensions: development foundation, development concept, development elements, and development environment, and used the DEMA-TEL-ISM method to extract key constraints, including infrastructure, public services, endogenous power, and business environment. Itwas found that solving these key constraints is the premise of industrial prosperity in the poverty alleviation areas in central and westernChina. This research enriches the theoretical system of industrial prosperity and has strong application value.