基于出租车订单轨迹数据的城市居民出行需求区域挖掘

Regional mining of urban residents’travel demand based on taxi order trajectory data

为了深入挖掘城市居民的出行特征与出租车运营的时空规律,通过定义上客热点区域、高收入订单区域、高平均订单收入区域、高收入上客区域为目标区域,比较分析目标区域的时空分布规律,以西安市为例挖掘城市居民出行需求区域的时空分布特征。首先,使用正六边形的泰森多边形对研究区域进行网格划分;其次,通过确定订单总量、里程利用率、每小时平均收益、平均载客时间、平均载客距离、平均空驶距离6项指标建立灰色决策模型,得出西安市出租车运行效率较高的时段,并基于焦点统计算法提取目标区域。研究结果表明:在08:01~09:00、14:01~15:00、17:01~18:00、21:01~22:00这4个时间段中西安市出租车运行效率较高;高收入订单区域的分布代表了居民的长距离出行需求分布,其时空变化较小,主要聚集在交通枢纽附近;高平均订单收入区域大部分都在西安市主城区外,存在居民出行需求难以满足的问题;由于交通拥堵等因素的影响,出租车上客热点区域并非完全是高收入载客区域。研究成果对于西安市居民出行特征分析,出租车司机收入提升,以及城市公共交通规划部门政策制定具有一定的借鉴。

In order to dig deeper into the travel characteristics of urban residents and the spatio-temporal characteristics of taxi operation,the passenger hot spots area,high-income orders areas,high average order revenue areas,and high-income passenger areas were defined as the target areas.The spatio-temporal distribution of the target areas was compared and analyzed,and the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of urban residents’travel demand areas were mined by taking Xi’an as an example.Firstly,a regular hexagon Tyson polygon was used to mesh the target area.Secondly,six indexes which including namely total order quantity,mileage utilization rate,average revenue per hour,average passenger time,average passenger distance,and average empty driving distance were determined to establish the grey decision model.Then the time period with high taxi operating efficiency in Xi’an was obtained,and the target area was extracted based on the focus statistical algorithm.The results show that taxi operating efficiency in Xi’an is higher in 08:01 to 09:00,14:01 to 15:00,17:01 to 18:00 and 21:01 to 22:00.The distribution of high-income order areas represents the distribution of residents’long-distance travel demand,and its spatio-temporal variation changes little,which mainly aggregate near transportation hubs.Most of the areas with high average order revenue areas are outside the main urban area of Xi’an,and the travel demand of residents is difficult to meet.Due to the influence of traffic congestion and other factors,the passenger hot spots area of taxis are not completely high-income areas.The research results can be used as references to analyze the travel characteristics of residents in Xi’an,the income improvement of taxi drivers,and the policy formulation of urban public transport planning departments.5 tabs,9 figs,24 refs.