心理契约视角下中小企业人才流失问题探析

An analysis of the brain drain of small and medium-sized enterprises from the perspective of psychological contract

文章从心理契约理论视角,分析了当前我国中小企业人才流失的特征、原因及影响,并提出了解决办法。研究发现,我国部分中小企业人才流失率超过了合理限度,其中年龄偏小的优秀员工和学历较高的优秀员工流失较多,劳动密集型和服务型中小企业人才流失尤为严重。从企业内部机制来看,中小企业人才流失的原因主要是交易型心理契约和关系型心理契约破裂,具体包括企业用人机制不科学、激励机制不合理、企业内部沟通渠道不畅等。人才流失给中小企业带来了一系列的负面影响,它导致企业核心竞争力和员工凝聚力下降,增加企业招聘和培训成本。解决和防范中小企业人才流失的关键在于:一是要巩固交易型心理契约,二是要维系关系型心理契约。

From the perspective of psychological contract theory,this paper analyzes the characteristics,causes and effects of the current brain drain of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in our country,and proposes solution.The study found that the brain drain rate of most SMEs in our country has exceeded the reasonable limit.From the perspective of the internal mechanism of enterprises,the main reasons for the brain drain of SMEs are the breakdown of transactional psychological contracts and relational psychological contracts.The brain drain has brought about a series of adverse effects.The key to solving and preventing the brain drain of SMEs is to consolidate the transactional psychological contract and maintain the relational psychological contract.