数字技术、劳动力结构与全要素生产率的关系

The Relationship between Digital Technology,Labor Structure and Total Factor Productivity

当前,我国正在加快建设数字中国,希望利用数字技术为经济高质量发展赋能。然而,数字技术要充分释放其活力,推动社会全要素生产率的提高,需与使用数字技术的劳动力资源良性互动。鉴于此,从理论上构建了数字技术与劳动力通过互补机制影响全要素生产率的机制,采用2006—2020年我国30个省区市(未包括港澳台及西藏)的省级面板数据,通过进行计量模型的检验发现:从全国范围来看,数字技术与高技能劳动力存在互补效应,这种互补效应有利于地区全要素生产率的提升;数字技术与中、低技能劳动力尚未表现出促进生产率提升的互补效应;在我国东、中、西部地区,数字技术与高技能劳动力的互补效应还存在异质性。基于研究结论提出加快提高数字技术发展水平、结合区域发展需要出台劳动力配置政策、合理配置数字技术相关资源的政策建议。

At present,China is accelerating the construction of digital China,hoping to use digital technology to empower high-quality economic development.However,in order to fully release its vitality and promote the social total factor productivity,digital technology needs to interact positively with the labor resources using digital technology.In view of this,a mechanism for digital technology and labor to influence total factor productivity through a complementary mechanism is theoretically constructed.Using the provincial panel data of 30 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and Tibet)from 2006 to 2020,and through the test of the econometric model,it is found that nationally,there is complementary effect between digital technology and high skilled labor force,which is conducive to the promotion of regional total factor productivity;digital technology and low-and medium-skilled labor force have not yet shown the complementary effect of promoting productivity;In the eastern,central and western regions of China,the complementary effects of digital technology and highly skilled labor force are still heterogeneous.Based on the research conclusions,policy recommendations are put forward on accelerating the development level of digital technology,introducing labor allocation policies in combination with regional development needs,and rationally allocating digital technology-related resources.