“孤证不能定案”规则在事实认定中的适用研究

Research on the Application of the Rule of“Single Evidence Cannot be Conclusive”in Fact Determination

“孤证不能定案”规则在我国刑事司法中已成为一个共识性规则,有着合理的内在逻辑和理论支撑。但是实践中该规则“内涵界定的模糊性”和“唯规则论”的不当适用现象表明原有的补强功能出现异化的趋势,为防止法官事实认定的无序性和机械性,可借鉴刑事证明的层次性原理,从“绝对”和“相对”的层面搭建一套该规则的适用模式,即绝对排除具有不可靠风险较大的言词类证据和相对排除证明力很强的实质性证据,并基于司法效率角度探讨该规则的例外情形。同时将该规则与庭审实质化中的证据和证明制度改革相衔接,并从证据收集的源头重构证据产生机制,从而通过一些配套性的措施有效发挥“孤证不能定案”规则在事实认定中的重要补强功能,达到准确认定案件事实的目标。

The rule of"single evidence cannot be conclusive"in China has become a consensus rule in the criminal justice,with the reasonable internal logic and theoretical support.The activities of fact finding,investigation and evidence collection,prosecution and defense are based on the rule.However,in practice,the rules "definition of ambiguity"and the improper application phenomenon show the tendency of alienation of the original complementary function.In order to prevent the disorderly and mechanical determination of facts by judges,a set of application mode of the rule can be built from the"absolute"and"relative"levels based on the principle of the hierarchy of criminal proof.WhaFs more,the exceptions of the rule can be explored based on the perspective of judicial efficiency,and the rule is connected with the substantive reform of trial,reconstructing the evidence generation mechanism,so as to effectively play an important role in the determination of facts by the rule of"lone evidence cannot make a final decision"to achieve the goal of accurate determination of the facts of the case.