慈溪市2020年中小学生常见病现状及相关因素分析

Status of common diseases and analysis of related factors of primary and middle school students in Cixi in 2020

目的了解慈溪市中小学生身体状况和生长发育水平,探究影响学生健康的相关因素。方法选择慈溪市2所小学、2所初中、1所高中作为监测点,采用健康体测和问卷调查对学生健康状况和发育水平进行调查。结果参与本次调查的中小学生共1886人,视力不良检出率为74.34%,龋齿检出率为69.41%。视力不良、近视、超重和脊柱侧弯检出率随年级的升高呈上升趋势,龋齿随着年级的升高呈下降趋势,视力不良和龋齿检出率男性低于女性,营养不良、超重和肥胖检出率男性高于女性(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高年级、女性是视力不良的危险因素,高年级是龋齿的保护因素,而女性和一周进食甜食次数多是龋齿的危险因素,女性是营养不良的保护因素,一周内进食水果次数多是营养不良的危险因素,女性、刷牙频率高和一周进食甜食次数多是超重和肥胖的保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论慈溪市中小学生视力不良、龋齿、超重等常见病患病形势严峻,不良生活方式是常见病的影响因素。需要建立“学生-家庭-学校-医疗”四位一体的防治模式。

Objective To understand the physical condition and growth and development level of primary and middle school students in Cixi and to explore the related factors affecting students'health.Methods Two primary schools,two junior high schools,and one senior high school in Cixi were selected as monitoring points.Physical examination and questionnaire were used to investigate students'health status and development level.Results A total of 1886 primary and secondary school students participated in the survey,among which the detection rate of poor vision was 74.34%,and the detection rate of dental caries was 69.41%.The detection rates of poor vision,myopia,overweight,and scoliosis increased with grade,while dental caries decreased with grade.The detection rates of poor vision and dental caries in males were lower than in females,and the detection rates of malnutrition,overweight,and obesity in boys were higher than in girls(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a higher grade and female were risk factors for poor vision,a higher grade was a protective factor for dental caries,female and eating more sweets per week were risk factors for dental caries,female was a protective factor for malnutrition,eating more fruits per week was a risk factor for malnutrition,and female,frequently brushing teeth and eating more sweets within a week were protective factors for overweight and obesity detection(all P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of common diseases such as poor vision,dental caries,and overweight among primary and middle school students in Cixi is severe,and an unhealthy lifestyle is the influencing factor of common diseases.Establishing a four-in-one prevention and treatment mode of“student-family-school-medical”is necessary.