淳安县慢性乙型肝炎患者对疾病防治知识的认知情况及影响因素分析

Cognition and influencing factors of disease prevention and treatment knowledge in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Chun'an County

目的了解杭州市淳安县慢性乙型肝炎患者对疾病防治知识的认知情况,分析影响患者疾病认知的因素。方法设计慢性乙肝防治知识调查表,对3046名确诊为慢性乙型肝炎的患者进行问卷调查,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析患者对疾病认知的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷2548份,其中1884例(73.94%)患者对慢性乙型肝炎传播途径、预防知识及治疗知识有一定了解。在所有认知项目中,母婴传播与母婴阻断的知晓率最低,均不足50%。单因素分析显示:不同性别、职业及地区的患者间,疾病防治知识知晓率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而不同年龄、文化水平、收入、病程及是否接种过疫苗的患者间,疾病防治知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明:年龄小于30岁、文化水平低、收入低、病程短、未接种过疫苗的患者对慢性乙型肝炎防治知识认知程度低(P<0.05)。结论大部分慢性乙型肝炎患者对疾病防治知识有一定的认知,认知程度受年龄、文化水平、收入、病程及是否接种过疫苗的影响。医务人员应加强目标人群的乙肝防治教育,增强患者的预防意识,防止疾病传播。

Objective To understand the cognition of patients with chronic hepatitis B on disease prevention and treatment in Chun'an County,Hangzhou City,and analyze the factors that affect patients'cognition of the disease.Methods A questionnaire on chronic hepatitis B prevention and treatment knowledge was designed,and 3046 patients with chronic hepatitis B were investigated.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of patients'cognition of the disease.Results A total of 2548 valid questionnaires were collected,of which 1884(73.94%)patients had some knowledge of the transmission route,prevention,and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Among all cognitive items,the awareness rate of mother-to-child transmission and maternal and child blocking was the lowest,less than 50%.Univariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference in disease prevention and treatment among patients of different genders,occupations,and regions(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of disease prevention and treatment among patients of different ages,educational levels,income,course of the disease,and whether they had been vaccinated(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that:patients younger than 30 years old,with low education level,low income,a short course of the disease,and unvaccinated had low awareness of chronic hepatitis B prevention and treatment(P<0.05).Conclusions Most patients with chronic hepatitis B have a certain knowledge of disease prevention and treatment,which is affected by age,education level,income,course of the disease,and whether they have been vaccinated.Medical staff should strengthen the prevention and treatment education of hepatitis B among the target population,enhance patients'awareness of prevention,and prevent the spread of the disease.