皮肤发育相关的miRNAs及其在糖尿病创面愈合中的作用

miRNAs related to skin development and their application in diabetic wound healing

微小核糖核酸(microRNA/miRNA)作为一类进化上保守的非编码小分子RNA,参与基因转录后的表达与调控,其表达模式有一定的时间性和空间性,体现在不同的miRNAs在不同组织、不同发育阶段的表达水平差异。某些miRNAs能够促进创面愈合,在创面愈合的炎症期抑制炎性介质的表达;某些miRNAs能够促进增生期创面细胞的增殖、迁移,有利于创面的快速修复;在创面重塑期,某些miRNAs又能够通过抑制无痕愈合信号通路的相关蛋白质来促使瘢痕修复。糖尿病创面通常伴随糖尿病周围神经病变、糖尿病血管病变和感染。部分miRNAs通过调控特定基因的表达水平,激活或抑制不同且特定的信号通路,一定程度上促进了糖尿病创面的愈合。本文主要综述了miRNA在创面愈合过程不同阶段的调控研究进展,以及miRNAs促进、抑制糖尿病创面愈合的机制,以期为后续研究开拓新的思路。

As a class of evolutionarily conserved non-coding small molecule RNAs, microRNA/miRNA is involved in the expression and regulation of genes after transcription, and its expression mode has a certain temporal and spatial nature, which is reflected in the expression levels of different miRNAs in different tissues and different developmental stages. Some miRNAs promote wound healing rapidly and inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Also, miRNAs can promote the proliferation and migration of cells which are in the proliferation phase of wound healing to be rapidly repaired. During the remodeling phase of wound healing, certain miRNAs can promote scar repair by inhibiting related proteins in the scarless-healing signal pathway. Diabetic wounds are usually accompanied by diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic vascular lesions and infection. Some miRNAs activate or inhibit different and specific signal pathways by regulating the expressive level of specific related genes, which promotes the healing of diabetic wounds. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of miRNAs in different stages of wound healing process, as well as the mechanism of miRNAs to promote and inhibit diabetic wound healing, with a view to opening up new ideas for follow-up research.