21世纪初德国高等教育国际化的措施与经验

Measures and Experience of Internationalization of Higher Education in Germany in the Early 21st Century

德国高等教育国际化拥有深厚的历史和丰富的经验,但21世纪初也面临国际学生毕业难、难民学生涌入、政策收紧、数字化发展等新问题。为大力提升高等教育国际影响力,默克尔政府通过创新政策流动、人员流动、教育提供者流动、项目流动、计划工程与服务流动等路径,推动德国高等教育国际化深入发展。这些新措施体现了政府、高校、第三方教育机构和企业四方合作,理念与技术双重创新,顺应潮流进行教育改革等经验,对当前我国高等教育国际化具有重要启示。

The internationalization of higher education in Germany has a profound history and rich experience, but in the early 21 st century, it also faced new problems such as difficult graduation of international students, newly-arrived refugees, policy tightening, digital development and so on.In order to greatly enhance the international influence of German higher education, the Merkel Government took measures such as policy flow, personnel flow, education provider flow, project flow, planned project and service flow to promote the in-depth development of the internationalization of German higher education.These measures reflect the experience of the government, colleges and universities, third-party educational institutions and enterprises, the dual innovation of ideas and technology, and the education reform in line with the trend, which has important enlightenment for the current development of the internationalization of higher education in China.