遗尿儿童和青少年情绪和行为问题及相关因素研究

Emotional and behavioral problems and their associated factors in children and adolescents with enuresis

目的 调查河南省儿童青少年遗尿症的情绪和行为问题的现况及其影响因素。方法 从2019年10月—2020年3月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取河南某县5所中小学校,采用一般资料调查表、长处和困难问卷及儿童睡眠调查表进行调查,对影响遗尿患儿情绪和行为的因素进行单因素、多因素分析。结果 实际发放问卷4 500份,回收4 120份,有效问卷3 912份,有效回收率为94.95%。调查结果显示有7.82%儿童患有遗尿症。遗尿组的情绪症状、多动和困难总分得分明显高于正常组(P<0.001),两组品行问题、同伴交往和社会行为得分的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,遗尿儿童和青少年的困难总分与打鼾、夜间呼吸问题、嗜睡、注意力缺陷、睡眠总分均存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。多元线性回归结果显示睡眠呼吸紊乱、照顾者文化程度低、便秘、学习成绩较差是遗尿患儿情绪和行为问题的影响因素。结论 遗尿患儿情绪和行为问题的检出率高,影响因素是睡眠呼吸紊乱、照顾者文化程度低、孩子学习成绩差、便秘,应引起关注。

Objective To investigate the current status of emotional and behavioral problems and their influencing factors in children and adolescents with enuresis in Henan Province. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select five primary and secondary schools in a county in Henan Province from October 2019 to March 2020. A general information questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire were employed to conduct the survey. Univariate and multifactor analyses were performed to determine the factors affecting mood and behavior of children with enuresis. Results A total of 4,500 questionnaires were actually distributed, 4,120 questionnaires were retrieved, with 3,912 valid ones and the effective recovery rate of 94.95%. The survey results displayed that 7.82% of children suffered from enuresis. The total scores of emotional symptoms, hyperactivity and difficulties were significantly higher in the enuresis group than in the normal group(all P<0.001), but no significant difference was found in the scores of conduct problems, peer interaction and social behavior between the two groups(all P>0.05). The results of Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the total score of difficulties was positively correlated with snoring, nocturnal breathing disorders, somnolence, attention deficit, and total score of sleep in children and adolescents with enuresis. Multiple linear regression results showed that sleep-disordered breathing, caregivers’ low literacy,constipation, and poor academic performance were the factors influencing emotional and behavioral problems in children withenuresis. Conclusion The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems is high in children with enuresis. The influencingfactors include sleep-disordered breathing, caregivers’ low literacy, children’ s poor academic performance and constipation,which need to be more concerned.