陕西澄合矿区煤矸石绿化基质研究

Research on greening substrates of coal Gangue in Chenghe mining area of Shaanxi Province

为研究煤炭矿区废弃地环境污染提升煤矸石利用率,选取陕西省澄合矿区为研究区域,对煤炭矿区废弃地进行基质改良和生态恢复研究。以煤矸石的粉碎物作为绿化基质的主要组成部分,通过添加土壤、保水剂、缓释肥和菌肥来进行基质改良,并利用改良后的基质进行了高羊茅的种植。结果表明:自制保水剂(CADX)的交联互穿网状结构(IPN)明显提升了基质的保水效果,降低了基质水分蒸发量,并且能有效富集土壤中的微量元素;当普通保水剂和CADX保水剂的比例为1∶1时,在有效控制成本的同时能够获得较好的试验结果,且通过对高羊茅生长指标分析,发现绿化基质组成部分对成苗率影响的主次顺序是土壤>保水剂>缓释肥>菌剂,认为煤矸石与土壤质量比为400∶600,添加15 g/kg保水剂、3.5 g/kg缓释肥及10 g/kg菌肥的基质是适宜于高羊茅生长的最优类型,同时根据正交试验结果可知缓释肥和菌肥这2种因素对高羊茅的生长的贡献率较低。研究结果为煤炭矿区废弃地植物正常生长以及矿区废弃地生态修复提供一定参考依据。

In order to study the environmental pollution of abandoned land in coal mining area and improve the utilization rate of coal gangue, Chenghe mining area in Shaanxi Province was selected as a research area, and the matrix improvement and ecological restoration of coal gangue wasteland were examined.The experiment took the comminution of coal gangue as the main component of green matrix and made the improvement of matrix by adding soil, water retaining agent, slow-release fertilizer and bacterial manure.Then the tall fescue was grown in the modified matrix.The experiment showed that the cross-linked interpenetrating network structure(IPN)of self-made water retaining agent(CADX)significantly improved the water retention effect of the matrix, reduced the water evaporation of the matrix, and effectively enriched the trace elements in the soil.When the proportion of ordinary water retaining agent and CADX water retaining agent was 1∶1,the results of experiments were with the costs under control.Through the index analysis on the growth of tall fescue, it was found that the order of the effect of the components of the green matrix on the seedling percentage is as follows: soil>super absorbent polymer>slow-release fertilizer>bacterial manure.The optimum type of Festuca arundinacea L.for growth was the weight ratio of gangue/soil 400∶600,with 15 g/kg super absorbent polymer, 3.5 g/kg slow-release fertilizer and 10 g/kg bacterial manure.According to the results of orthogonal test, the contribution rate of slow-release fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer to the growth of tall fescue is low.The results provide certain reference for normal plant growth and ecological restoration of coal mining wasteland.