两类心理谓词的句法分布及其中介语偏误分析

Syntactic Distributions of Two Types of Psych Predicates:A Relevant Interlanguage Study

句法范畴在汉语中并无形态表现,因此汉语形容词和动词在作谓词时较难区分,而相关文献中的体标记和程度副词测试对于分析外国学生习得这两类词的应用效度均较为有限。同时,跨语言对比显示,影响汉语心理谓词二语习得的语言本体因素包含母语(英、俄)形态形式和目标语(汉)句法分布。由于汉语无形态形式可以借助,因此二语者识别汉语心理形容词和心理动词唯一可靠的形式线索就是句法分布。据此采用双自变量混合设计方案的实证结果显示,母语形态特征的丰富度在目标语句式类型的不同水平上呈现出变异性,而这一中介语归纳说明,形态形式和句法分布实质上是以交互方式参与到汉语心理谓词结构的二语习得过程中的,这为解释诸多已有发现提供了思路并得出启示:中介语句法结构偏误和题元层级偏误的潜在成因理应包括母语和目标语中词类划分的标准差异。

Syntactic categories show few morphological markings in Chinese;therefore,adjectives and verbs are hard to distinguish when used as predicates.In consequence,aspectual marking and degree adverbial tests in current studies are of limited validity for foreign students’L2 acquisition of the two types of categories.Meanwhile,cross-linguistic studies show that L2 acquisition of Chinese psych predicates by English and Russian speakers must take into account morphological features in their L1s and the syntactic distribution in the target language. Due to the fact that the only formal cue that L2-ers can reliably resort to is syntactic distribution, the present study, by means of a two-way ANOVA with the mixed design, yielded the following generalization in interlanguage: the extent of morphological richness in learners’ L1s varies systematically with different syntactic structures in the target language, and in the process of L2 acquisition of psych predicates in Chinese, morphological features and syntactic distribution interact in experimental cells, thereby accounting for relevant findings in current studies. The present article attributes the differing criteria in classifying categories in various languages to be one of the causes of syntactic and thematic errors in interlanguage.