化肥有机替代对温室连作番茄产量、品质和土壤生物化学特性的影响

Effects of Replacement of Chemical Fertilizers with Organic Compost on Tomato Yield, Quality and Soil Biochemical Characteristics under Continuous Tomato Cropping in Greenhouse

为明确化肥有机替代对设施连作番茄产量、品质和土壤质量的应用效果,本研究通过盆栽试验,比较了蚯蚓粪配施化肥(VM)、牛粪配施化肥(CM)和单施化肥(CF)对温室番茄连作条件下番茄产量、品质和土壤生物化学特性的影响。不施肥作为对照处理(CK)。结果表明,VM番茄产量最高,分别比CM、CF和CK增产13.13%、28.04%和44.21%。与其他处理相比,VM处理的维生素C和可溶性糖含量最高,但总酸度和硝酸盐含量最低。VM的糖酸比(可溶性糖与总酸的比值)较CM、CF和CK分别提高了15.42%、40.66%和67.32%。施用有机肥可提高土壤pH、速效氮、速效磷、全氮、全碳、微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量,其中VM处理最高,其次是CM。VM的土壤pH分别比CM、CF和CK高0.20、0.63和0.50个单位。各施肥处理对土壤碳氮比无显著影响。与CK相比,VM和CM处理的土壤微生物量碳氮比均呈降低趋势,但显著高于CF。有机肥处理显著提高了土壤脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,其中VM最高。本研究结果表明,有机肥特别是蚯蚓粪替代化肥是改善连作番茄产量、品质和土壤质量的有效措施。

In order to clarify the application effect of replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic compost on tomato yield,quality and soil quality under continuous tomato cropping in greenhouse,this study compared vermicompost combined with chemical fertilizer(VM),cow manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer(CM)and single application of chemical fertilizer(CF)through pot experiments on tomato yield,quality and soil biochemical properties under continuous cropping conditions of greenhouse tomato.Additionally a control treatment(CK,no fertilization)was included.The results showed that VM had the highest tomato yield,which increased by 13.13%,28.04%and 44.21%compared with CM,CF and CK,respectively.Compared with other treatments,VM treatment had the highest content of vitamin C and soluble sugar,but the lowest content of total acidity and nitrate.The sugar/acid ratio(the ratio of soluble sugar to total acid)in VM was increased by 15.42%,40.66%and 67.32%compared with CM,CF and CK,respectively.Application of organic compost increased soil pH,content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,total carbon,microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen,among which VM treatment was the highest,followed by CM.Soil pH in VM was 0.20,0.63 and 0.50 higher than that in CM,CF and CK,respectively.All fertilization treatment had no significant effect on soil C/N ratio.Compared with CK,soil microbial biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio in both VM and CM treatments showed a decreasing trend,but was significantly higher than that in CF.Organic compost treatment significantly increased the activities of soil dehydrogenase,catalase,polyphenol oxidase,sucrase and urease,among which VM was the highest.The results of this study showed that the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic compost,especially vermicompost,was an effective measure to improve the yield,quality and soil quality of continuous cropping tomato.