被捍卫的习惯:哈代《神魂颠倒的传教士》的共同体意识

The Habit of Being Defended:The Community Consciousness in Hardy′s The Distracted Preacher

小说《神魂颠倒的传教士》是哈代探索乡村世界悲剧根源的一次早期尝试。面对村民们的走私贩酒,传教士与缉私队代表各自共同体进行父权式训诫,试图剥夺乡村平民的传统习惯。同时,作为两种外来共同体的代表,传教士与缉私队内部又发生各自的妥协与动摇。因此,小说借着牧师的爱情追求、缉私队的围剿等喜剧性情节,展现乡村共同体为捍卫自然习惯的斗争,但是最后女主人公放弃走私,远离家乡并嫁给传教士,即代表着乡村共同体终被规训的悲剧宿命。此后的小说结局重订,虽揭示哈代在肯定乡村平民的反叛权力,却呈现一种与当时英国“不合时宜”的共同体意识。

The tale The Distracted Preacher is an early attempt of Hardy to explore the tragic origin of the rural world.Facing the smuggling of alcohol by the villagers,the missionaries and anti-smuggling teams carried out patriarchal admonitions on behalf of their respective communities,trying to deprive the traditional customs of the villagers.At the same time,as representatives of the two foreign communities,the missionaries and the anti-smuggling team have their own compromises and shakes.Therefore,on the one hand,the tale shows the struggle of the rural community in defending natural habits through comic plots such as the preacher′s romantic pursuit and the siege by the anti-smuggling team.However,in the end,the heroine gives up smuggling,leaves her hometown and marries the preacher,which means that the rural community is finally defeated by the tragic fate of discipline.The subsequent rewriting of the novel′s ending revealed that Hardy was affirming the rebellious power of the rural commoners,but presented a sense of community that was“out of place”with the British at that time.