基于“重要性—敏感性—景观特征”的黄土高原生态屏障带生态空间网络构建

Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in Ecological Barrier Zone of Loess Plateau Based on “Importance-Sensitivity-Landscape Features”

[目的]分析生态空间网络结构与土壤保持量的关系,为提升黄土高原屏障区生态系统服务提供对策与建议。[方法]本研究从生态系统服务重要性、生态敏感性、景观稳定性三方面,识别生态源地,构建生态空间网络,并分析生态空间网络拓扑结构与土壤保持量的关系。[结果](1)西南秦岭一带水源涵养量高,吕梁山脉西侧—黄龙山东侧及子午岭西侧的区县土壤保持量低,秦岭及子午岭主脊东侧生物多样性高。西部地区生态环境较敏感,区域整体景观格局较稳定。(2)生态源地总面积为46 245 km^(2),占全区的38.8%;生态廊道共125条,共长9 071.40 km。(3)生态节点共142个,源地节点的度与土壤保持量呈正相关。[结论]基于“重要性—敏感性—景观特征”构建的生态空间网络准确可行,应重点加强对薄弱节点及度值较低的源地节点的建设,使生态用地的土壤保持服务发挥更大的生态效益。

[Objective] The relationship between ecological spatial network structure and soil conservation was analyzed in order to provide countermeasures and suggestions for improving ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau barrier region.[Methods] Based on the importance of ecosystem services,ecological sensitivity,and landscape stability,the ecological source area was identified,an ecological space network was constructed,and the relationship between the ecological space network topology and the amount of soil conservation was analyzed.[Results](1) Water conservation was high in the Qinling Mountains in Southwest China.The districts and counties on the west side of the Luliang Mountain Range-Huanglong Mountain,and the west side of the Ziwuling Mountains had low soil conservation.The Qinling Mountains and the east side of the main ridge of the Ziwuling Mountains had high biodiversity.The ecological environment in the western region was more sensitive,and the overall landscape pattern of the region was relatively stable.(2) The total area of ecological source area was 46 245 km^(2),accounting for 38.8% of the entire area.There were 125 ecological corridors with a total length of 9 071.40 km.(3) There were a total of 142 ecological nodes,and the degree of the source node was positively correlated with the amount of soil conservation.[Conclusion] The ecological space network based on “importance-sensitivity-landscape characteristics” was accurate and feasible.The construction of weak nodes and source nodes with low degree values should be strengthened so that the soil conservation services of ecological land can exert greater ecological benefits.