影响科研人员创业意愿和行为的因素——以上海市科研人员为考察对象的探索性研究

Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Willingness and Behavior of Scientific Researcher:An Exploratory Study from Scientific Researchers in Shanghai

基于上海市软科学项目调查数据,分析个人层面因素(海外经历、社会资本和自我效能感)和环境层面因素(创业政策和创业环境)对科研人员创业意愿和行为的影响。研究发现,科研人员总体创业意愿不强;自我效能感和政策知晓度对科研人员的创业意愿有显著正向影响;海外经历、社会资本、自我效能感、行政手续便利性、人才培养与引进环境、市场环境和创业意愿均可以促进科研人员创业。基于研究结果及实地调研,建议地方政府为科研人员提供更多的创业培训指导,提升科研人员的自我效能感;加大政策宣传力度,提高科研人员创业政策知晓度;简化或者优化行政手续,为科研人员创业提供便利;改善地方市场环境、人才培养与引进环境,为科研人员创业和企业经营提供良好营商环境。

Based on the survey data of the Shanghai Soft Science Foundation Project,this paper analyzes individuallevel factors(overseas experience,social capital,and self-efficacy)and environmental-level factors(entrepreneurial policies and entrepreneurial environment)on the entrepreneurial willingness and behavior of scientific researchers.The results showed that the overall entrepreneurial willingness of scientific researchers is not strong,self-efficacy and policy awareness have significant positive influence on the entrepreneurial willingness of researchers,and overseas experience,social capital,self-efficacy,the administrative procedures,talent training and introduction environment,market environment and entrepreneurial willingness can promote scientific researcher to start a business.Based on the research results and interview,it is suggested that local governments should provide more entrepreneurial training and guidance for scientific researchers to improve their self-efficacy,increase policy publicity and the awareness of scientific researchers on entrepreneurship policies,simplify or optimize administrative procedures for scientific researchers to start a businesses;improve the local market environment,talent training and introduction environment,and provide a good business environment for scientific researchers to start and operate the businesses.