住院痴呆患者精神行为症状非药物管理现状调查

Investigation on nonpharmacological management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in hospitalized patients

目的了解全国116所医院住院痴呆患者精神行为症状非药物管理的现状,为规范非药物管理提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,于2021年9月对中华护理学会老年专科护士培训班学员,采用自行编制的精神行为症状非药物管理现状问卷进行调查。结果116所医院中38所(32.76%)实施痴呆患者症状评估,31所(26.72%)有针对痴呆患者精神行为症状的非药物治疗制度或流程,64所(55.17%)针对症状实施非药物干预,仅6所(7.32%)针对症状首选非药物干预;77所(66.38%)医院针对照护者实施症状相关知识健康教育;不同医院、科室类型在实施症状评估、诱发因素评估、非药物治疗等方面比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论医院痴呆患者精神行为症状非药物管理制度或流程需进一步完善;同时,需开展护士相关知识培训、照顾者精神行为症状相关知识教育,实施规范化的非药物管理。

Objective To understand the current situation of nonpharmacological management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD)in hospitalized patients in 116 hospitals across China,so as to provide basis for nonpharmacological management of these symptoms.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in September 2021 on the trainees of the geriatric specialist nurse training program offered by the Chinese Nursing Society.A self-designed questionnaire was used,with contents including general information and current situation of BPSD.Results Totally,38(32.76%)hospitals have carried out symptom evaluation;31(26.72%)hospitals have had nonpharmacological management policy or process for BPSD;64(55.17%)hospitals have implemented nonpharmacological intervention for symptoms,among which only 6(7.32%)hospitals have provided nonpharmacological intervention for symptoms;77(66.38%)hospitals have carried out health education on symptom related knowledge for caregivers.There were significant differences in symptom assessment,inducing factor assessment,nonpharmacological treatment of BPSD,etc.,among different hospital types and department types(all P<0.05).Conclusion The hospital-based nonpharmacological management policy or process for BPSD is in need of improvement.Meanwhile,nurse training and health education on BPSD related knowledge for caregivers should be ratcheted up,in an effort to provide standardized nonpharmacological management to patients.