基于土地利用变化的汾河流域生态系统服务价值研究

Study on Ecosystem Service Value Measurement in Fenhe River Basin Based on Land Use Change

选取汾河流域为研究区,基于2006、2013、2018年土地利用数据,采用土地利用多模型、生态系统服务价值测度模型及生态系统服务价值动态度对研究区土地利用变化及生态系统服务价值进行了多维测度,揭示了其时空演变规律及成因。结果表明:(1)2006~2018年,流域耕地、草地面积线性下降;建设用地、林地面积线性增长;水域、未利用土地面积多年基本持平;土地利用变化速度及程度指数均呈指数型增长;土地利用时空格局呈现建设用地、耕地、草地、林地逐次嵌套的分布特征,盆地核心区变化显著,边缘区变化较小。(2)生态系统服务价值总量整体呈现线性下降趋势,下降率达到2.38%,与土地利用结构变化趋势保持一致。(3)生态系统服务价值时空格局呈现“外围高—中心低”与高值斑块嵌入的分布特征;多年流域生态系统服务价值极低、低值区呈现逐年扩大趋势,中等区缩减显著。建设用地的无序扩张及草地、耕地的减少是流域生态价值服务指数下降的主要原因。

The Fenhe River Basin was selected as the study area. Based on the land use data of 2006, 2013 and 2018, the multi-dimensional measurement of land use change and ecosystem service value in the study area was carried out by the multimodel of land use, the measurement model of ecosystem service value and the dynamic attitude of ecosystem service value, in order to reveal temporal and spatial evolution and causes. The results showed that:(1) From 2006 to 2018, the area of cultivated land and grassland in the basin decreased linearly, and construction lands and forest land area show linear growth. The water area and unused land area were basically flat for many years. Land use change speed and degree index showed exponential growth. The temporal and spatial pattern of land use presented the distribution characteristics of construction land, cultivated land, grassland and forest land. The change in the core area of the basin was obvious and the change in the marginal area was small.(2) The total value of ecosystem services showed a linear downward trend, and the decline rate reached 2.38%, which was consistent with the change trend of land use structure.(3) The spatial-temporal pattern of ecosystem service value showed the distribution characteristics of “peripheral high-central low” and high-value patch embedding. For many years, the area with extremely low and low value of ecosystem services has been expanding year by year, and the middle area has been shrinking. The disorderly expansion of construction land and the reduction of grassland and cultivated land are the main reasons for the decline of ecosystem value service index in the basin.