共聚焦显微镜在观察单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的应用

Application of confocal microscopy in observation of herpes simplex keratitis

单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(HSK)是由1型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)引起的角膜感染,其发病率和致盲率均占角膜病首位,由于单纯疱疹病毒的神经易嗜性,使得HSK患者的角膜神经减少,易出现角膜神经萎缩,可发生角膜感知减退,上皮完整性丧失,更严重的会导致角膜溃疡、溶解,甚至穿孔。角膜神经的再生对维持角膜的健康和功能起着至关重要的作用。活体共聚焦显微镜(IVCM)是唯一能观察到角膜神经的一种非侵入性成像技术,它已经成为研究健康和疾病中角膜细胞结构的一种强有力的技术,在角膜疾病的诊断和临床研究中表现出独特的优势。因此,本文将从IVCM在观察HSK,特别是角膜神经特征性表现进行综述,为进一步推动共聚焦显微镜在HSK诊疗中的应用。

Herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)is a corneal infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1).Its incidence rate and blindness rate row the forefront of corneal diseases.Because of the nerve susceptibility of herpes simplex virus,the corneal nerves of HSK patients are reduced.HSK is prone to corneal nerve atrophy,corneal hypoesthesia and loss of epithelial integrity.The more serious situation is corneal ulcer,dissolution and even perforation.Corneal nerve regeneration plays an important role in maintaining corneal health and function.In vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM)is the only non-invasive imaging technology that can observe corneal nerves.It has become a powerful technology to study the structure of corneal cells in health and diseases.It shows unique advantages in the diagnosis and clinical research of corneal diseases.Therefore,this paper will review the application of ivcm in the observation of HSK,especially the characteristic manifestations of corneal nerve,in order to further promote the application of confocal microscope in the diagnosis and treatment of HSK.