基于知信行模式的健康教育对维持性血液透析患者遵医行为及钙磷代谢的影响

Effect of health education based on knowledge,attitude and practice model on compliance behavior and calcium and phosphorus metabolism in maintenance hemodialysis patients

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者采用基于知信行模式(KAP)健康教育的效果。方法选取长沙市中心医院2020年6月至2021年6月收治的100例MHD患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组采用常规健康教育,观察组在对照组基础上加用KAP的健康教育。比较两组干预前、干预3、6个月时的遵医行为评分、自我效能评分及血磷、血钙水平。结果干预前两组患者的遵医行为及自我效能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预3、6个月两组的遵医行为及自我效能评分逐渐升高,且观察组干预3、6个月的遵医行为及自我效能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前两组患者的血钙、血磷水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预3、6个月两组的血磷水平逐渐降低,血钙水平逐渐升高,且观察组干预3、6个月的血磷水平低于对照组,血钙水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于KAP的健康教育可改善MHD患者钙磷代谢,并提高患者的遵医行为和自我效能。

Objective To explore the effect of knowledge,attitude and practice model(KAP)health education for maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Methods A total of 100 MHD patients admitted to Changsha Central Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research object.They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method,with 50 patients in each group.The control group received routine health education,and the observation group received KAP health education on the basis of the control group.The scores of compliance behavior,self-efficacy,blood phosphorus and blood calcium were compared between the two groups before intervention,3 months and 6 months after intervention.Results There was no significant difference in compliance behavior and self-efficacy score between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).The compliance behavior and self-efficacy score of the two groups increased gradually after 3 and 6 months of intervention,and the compliance behavior and self-efficacy score of the observation group were higher than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood calcium and phosphorus levels between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).After 3 and 6 months of intervention,the blood phosphorus level in both groups gradually decreased,and the blood calcium level gradually increased,the serum phosphorus level of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,and the serum calcium level was higher than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Health education based on KAP can improve the calcium and phosphorus metabolism of MHD patients,and improve their compliance behavior and self-efficacy.