衰弱对老年人步行功能影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Frailty on Walking Function in the Elderly

衰弱是一种常见的老年综合征,是影响老年人功能状态的重要因素。步行能力下降是老年人衰弱带来的不良影响之一,也是导致老年人疾病、失能及死亡的独立危险因素,严重影响老年人社会参与范围和日常生活质量,并可能进一步导致不良健康结局。积极预防和干预衰弱会对老人、家庭和社会产生很大益处。本文通过总结衰弱对老年人步行能力影响的研究结果,从衰弱对步速、下肢生物力学特征的影响等方面进行了综述,旨在为后期进一步对老年人进行针对性运动干预以保持步行能力提供科学依据。通过本综述,得出以下主要结论:衰弱是导致老年人步速降低、下肢生物力学改变的重要影响因素。但目前步速作为衰弱的诊断性指标仍然需要细致地研究,衰弱老年人步行功能下降的生物力学机制也尚不明确,针对这些方面的研究有助于我们提出衰弱的针对性干预方法。

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome and is an essential factor of function in the elderly.Reduced walking ability is one of the adverse effects of frailty,leading to disease,disability,and death in the elderly.Frailty seriously influences society participation scope,quality of daily life and may further lead to adverse health outcomes.Aggressive prevention and treatment of frailty will greatly benefit the elderly,the family,and society.By summarizing the research on the effect of frailty on the walking ability of the elderly,this paper reviewed the impact of frailty on walking speed and biomechanics of lower limbs,aiming to provide a scientific basis for further targeted exercise intervention in the elderly to maintain walking ability in the later stage.The following main conclusions were drawn through this review:frailty is an essential factor that leads to the decrease of gait speed and biomechanical changes of lower limbs in the elderly.However,at present,gait speed,as a diagnostic indicator of frailty,still needs careful study,and the biomechanical mechanism of the decline of walking function in the frailty elderly is still not clear.Studies on these aspects are helpful for us to propose targeted intervention methods for frailty.