风格与意志的错违:重评郁达夫小说、散文及旧诗的成就

The Violation of the Style and the Will:Reassessing Yu Dafu’s Literary Achievements in Fiction,Prose and Lyrical Poetry

“风格与意志的错违”,指的是文学的神韵、形式与时代的精神、道德及创作的旨趣、境界等产生了冲突的一种现象。本文在提出、定义此一概念之余,将其施用于对郁达夫文学史地位的复核。本文认为,老套的“黄金时代综合征”标准已不足取;郁达夫应被摘掉“五四”的标签来看待;郁氏的小说和散文,因存在明显的“风格与意志的错违”问题,不应再予文学史主流;相反,他的旧体诗词写作,既合于范式性又超越范式性,是风格与意志的和谐典范,应具传世之价值。

The“violation of the style and the will”refers to a situation in which spirits and forms of literature conflict with either the era’s ethos and morality,or its literary taste and ideal realm. In addition to proposing and defining this concept,this paper also applies it to the review of Yu Dafu’s standing in the history of Chinese literature. We argue that the“Golden-Age Syndrome”standard is no longer valid, that Yu Dafu should be viewed without the “May Fourth” label, and that Yu’s fictions and essays should no longer be seen as mainstay works because of their apparent flaws in the“violation of the style and the will”. On the other hand,his lyrical oeuvre,both within and beyond paradigms,is a model of harmony of the style and the will. Therefore,it ought to be seen as destined for posterity.