拓跋鲜卑初期都城“定襄盛乐”与“云中盛乐”考

On Early Capital Cities of Tuoba Xianbei: "Dingxiang Shengle" and "Yunzhong Shengle"

拓跋鲜卑祖居大兴安岭,魏晋之际南下并在今内蒙古境内定都,其最初的都城称为“盛乐”。但据文献记载,“盛乐”应有两处,一为“定襄盛乐城”,一为“云中盛乐宫”。其中神元帝拓跋力微(174-277)最初迁都的“定襄盛乐城”,应在今内蒙古呼和浩特市和林格尔县土城子古城遗址的南城。而古城的中城,则可能是穆帝拓跋猗卢六年(313)“城盛乐以为北都”之所在。“云中盛乐宫”应在今呼和浩特市托克托县古城村古城以东的40里处,但目前考古尚未发现该城址。

Tuoba Xianbei, whose ancestors lived in the Daxinganling Mountains, moved south during the Wei and Jin Dynasties and established their capital in present-day Inner Mongolia, with their original capital city called "Shengle". However, according to literature, there were two places known as "Shengle" : "Dingxiang Shengle City" and "Yunzhong Shengle Palace". Between them, the "Dingxiang Shengle City", where Emperor Shenyuan, Tuoba Liwei(174-277) first moved his capital, should be in the southern part of the ancient city site named Tuchengzi in Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia. The middle part of this place, however, was probably the location where recorded in the literature that "building the city of Shengle as the northern capital" in the sixth year of Emperor Mu,Tuoba Yilu(313). The "Yunzhong Shengle Palace" would have been forty miles east of the ancient city named Guchengcun in Tokoto County, Hohhot, but the site has not yet been found.