帛书《易传》的忧患意识与中华民族精神的构建

Confucius’s Thought of Hardship and Construction of Chinese National Spirit in Mawangdui Silk Manuscript of Yi Zhuan

马王堆汉墓帛书《易传》载孔子以《易》卦爻辞论说君子德行,于字里行间中贯穿了浓厚的忧患意识,可谓深得作《易》者之宗旨。首先,孔子借“苞桑”“括囊”“慎言”之叹表达忧思深远的危亡意识。其次,孔子把“观其德义”作为《易》学研究的理论宗旨,突出以德为鉴的重要意义。再者,孔子提出随时应变的“时变”观,主张在遵循规律的前提下,顺应时代潮流,积极做出变革调整。忧患意识深刻影响了中华民族的心理特征和行为模式,塑造了中国人励志自强、求通求变、勇于创新、甘于奉献等诸多精神品质,至今仍是推动中华民族砥砺奋进的强大动力。

In the book of Mawangdui silk manuscript of Yi Zhuan, Confucius discussed the virtues of gentlemen through the Book of Changes. His discussion reflected a deep sense of hardship, which can be said to be in line with the author’s purpose. Firstly, Confucius expressed his sense of crisis through some remarks. Secondly, Confucius regarded the conception of viewing the righteousness as the theoretical core of the study of the Book of Changes, and emphasized the importance of morality. Moreover, Confucius also put forward the concept of “time-varying”, and advocated that on the premise of following the law we should comply with the trend of the times and actively make changes and adjustments. The sense of hardship has deeply affected the psychological characteristics and behavior patterns of the Chinese nation and shaped the spiritual qualities, such as self-improvement, reform, innovation and dedication. It is still a strong driving force to promote the progress of the Chinese nation.