科伦坡无保障住区的住房问题概述

An Overview of Colombo’s Housing with a Special Emphasis on Housing for the Underserved Settlements

城市人口增长和城市化导致城市居住用地短缺。科伦坡有超过50%的城市人口生活在无保障住区,生活水平亟待改善。作为城市贫困居民住房的供给方和促进者,公共部门发挥着至关重要的作用。但他们首先考虑低成本、短时间内建造足量的住宅,这会导致保障性住房的宜居性不达标。本文将探讨斯里兰卡的住房政策,并着重探究为低服务水平住区提供住房的诸多要求和面临的挑战。文章提出了未来城市住房应当从若干方面提升居住质量:参与途径,基本需求,通过维修、维护和资金支持来维持住房的物理质量,交通枢纽、便利设施、服务设施以及开放空间的可达性,扩建、改造和个性化的可能性,心理和社会文化需求的满足,参与社会、经济活动的机会和场地,促进邻里建立连接、互动所需的空间,维持原居民的社会网络的机制,隐私和安全。

The increase in urban population and urbanisation leads to a scarcity of urban land for housing.More than 50%of the urban population in Colombo lives in underserved settlements and requires better standards of living.The public sector has played a vital role as the provider and facilitator of housing for the urban poor.But the focus has been on achieving the numbers and production of housing with savings in cost and time.Hence the production of housing does not meet the qualitative requirements and standards to make habitable living environments.The typical high-rise housing provided for the urban poor remains unsatis-factory,inhibiting the quality of life of those who live in it.This paper discusses the housing policies in Sri Lanka and emphasises the requirement and challenges relating to housing provided for the underserved settlements.The paper highlights several qual-itative needs to be addressed in future urban housing.The need for a participatory approach,fulfillment of basic needs,sustain-ing the physical quality of housing by repair,maintenance and resources for same,access to transport,amenities,services and open space,the opportunity for growth,modification and personalisation,fulfillment of psychological and socio-cultural needs,the opportunity for engaging in socio-economic activities and the provision of spaces for it,spaces for fostering neigbourhood ties and interaction and mechanisms to sustain the social networks of original settlements and ensuring privacy and safety needs to be addressed in future housing projects.