中国共产党农村合作经济的政策演进及其理论创新

The Evolution of Rural Cooperative Economic Policy of the CommunistParty of China and Its Theoretical Innovation

中国共产党自诞生起即展开了对农村合作经济政策的探索,一系列政策安排回应了不同历史时期为什么需要合作经济、怎样发展合作经济以及建立什么样的合作经济组织等问题,是为做好“三农”工作而在制度层面展开的创新思考和有益尝试。中国共产党农村合作经济政策演进中蕴含了三个方面的理论创新:一是对后发小农经济国家如何实现农民富裕和农业农村现代化,探索形成了不同于西方的中国合作经济发展路径;二是拓展了马克思主义经典作家将农业合作化等同于社会主义制度的理论,创新探索如何在社会主义制度下按照市场规律发展合作经济;三是兼顾效率与公平,突破了苏联模式在社会主义合作经济建设中“单一公平”的目标要求,形成了符合我国国情和发展阶段的合作经济理论,为社会主义国家合作经济发展提供了补充。

The Communist Party of China(CPC)has been exploring rural cooperative economic policies Since its founding in 1921.A series of policy arrangements have responded to questions such as why cooperative economy is needed in different historical periods,how to develop cooperative economy,and what kind of cooperative economic organization to establish.These explorations are innovative thinking and beneficial attempts at the institutional level to seek progress in work related with agriculture,rural areas and farmers.There are three theoretical innovations in the evolution of rural cooperative economic policy of the Communist Party of China:the first is how to realize the prosperity of farmers and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the late developing small peasant economy countries,and explore the development path of China’s cooperative economy that is different from the West;the second is to expand the theory that the classic Marxist writers equated agricultural co operation with the socialist system,and innovatively explored how to develop a cooperative economy under the socialist system in accordance with market laws;the third is to balance efficiency and fairness,breaking through the Soviet model’s“single fairness”goal requirement in the construction of socialist cooperative economy,and forming a cooperative economic theory that is in line with China’s actual conditions and development stage,and provides a supplement to the development of the cooperative economy of socialist countries.