老化期望及自我效能在家庭功能与孤独间的中介调节效应分析

Mediating Effect of Expectations Regarding Aging and Moderating Effect of Self-efficacy on Family Function and Loneliness

目的探讨老化期望在社区老年人家庭功能与孤独间的中介作用,并分析自我效能对中介模型直接路径及间接路径的调节作用,以期探讨四者间的关系及作用机制,为预防和减少社区老年人孤独的发生提供理论支撑和实证依据。方法采用便利抽样法,于2020年11—12月,选取泸州市380名社区老年人,采用一般资料调查表、家庭关怀指数问卷、孤独感量表简化版、老化期望量表、一般自我效能量表对其进行调查。采用PROCESS 3.3软件对中介效应和调节效应进行检验。结果本组社区老年人家庭功能总分为8.0(6.0,9.0)分;孤独总分为10.0(7.0,14.0)分;老化期望总分为44.4(36.1,55.6)分;自我效能总分为23(18.0,29.0)分。家庭功能总分与自我效能、老化期望总分呈正相关(r_(s)=0.400~0.511,均P<0.01),与孤独总分呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.436,P<0.01);老化期望总分与孤独总分呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.489,P<0.01)。家庭功能对孤独具有显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.851,P<0.001),老化期望对家庭功能和孤独的关系具有部分中介效应(β=4.325,P<0.001),中介效应占总效应的39.92%;自我效能对老化期望中介作用的前半路径具有调节效应(β=0.156,P<0.001),且家庭功能对老化期望的影响随着自我效能水平的增高而降低。结论本组社区老年人家庭功能良好,孤独感处于较低水平,老化期望处于中等偏下水平,自我效能处于中等偏上水平。本组社区老年人家庭功能可以通过老化期望的中介作用影响孤独,自我效能调节家庭功能对老化期望的关系,有调节的中介模型成立。

Object To explore the mediating effect of expectations regarding aging(ERA)on family function and loneliness among older people in community,and to analyze the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the direct and indirect path of the mediation model,so as to explore the relationship among the four factors and the mechanism,and to provide theoretical support and empirical basis for preventing and reducing the occurrence of loneliness in older people in communities.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 380 older people in communities in Luzhou,Sichuan Province and they were surveyed with general information questionnaire,the Family APGAR Index(APGAR),the 6-item Shortform Scale of University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale(ULS-6),the 12-item Expectations Regarding Aging(ERA-12)and the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES).PROCESS 3.3 software was used to test the mediating and moderating effect.Results The total score of family function,loneliness,ERA,and self-efficacy of older people in communities was 8.0(6.0,9.0),10.0(7.0,14.0),44.4(36.1,55.6),and 23.0(18.0,29.0),respectively.Family function had a significant negative predictive effect on loneliness(β=-0.851,P<0.001).Family function was positively correlated with self-efficacy and ERA(r_(s)=0.400~0.511,P<0.01 for all),while negatively with loneliness(r_(s)=-0.436,P<0.01).ERA was negatively correlated with loneliness(r_(s)=-0.489,P<0.01).Family function played a significantly predictive role in loneliness and ERA has a partial mediating effect between family function and loneliness(β=4.325,P<0.001),accounting for 39.92%of the total.Self-efficacy has a moderating effect on the first half path of ERA(β=0.156,P<0.001).The influence of family function on ERA decreased with the increase of self-efficacy.Conclusion In this group,family function and self-efficacy of older people in the communities are relatively good;ERA is in the lower-middle level,and loneliness in a low level.Family function of older people in communities could affect loneliness through the mediating effect of ERA.Self-efficacy moderates the relationship between family function and ERA,and a moderated mediation model is established.