槭属植物药用亲缘关系探讨

Evaluation of Pharmacophylogenetic Relationship for Acer L.

槭属(Acer L.)植物资源丰富,具有广泛的药用价值。中国是世界槭属植物种类最多的国家,对其传统药用记载丰富。然而,该属植物的药用潜力尚未得到充分的认识和有效的利用。在对世界槭属植物传统药用记载整理的基础上,对该属植物的亲缘关系、化学成分和功效活性分别进行总结:基于形态学和分子生物学的亲缘关系研究取得了积极进展,但仍需进一步深入系统研究;槭属植物中约有38种、3亚种和1变种有较长历史的民间药用记载,且主要在东亚和北美地区使用,对骨关节系统、眼部和各种疼痛等疾病的治疗具有悠久历史和广泛应用;化学成分报道超过350个,包括黄酮、鞣质、二芳基庚烷、苯丙素、三萜和甾体等类成分;药理活性主要包括抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗微生物、抗感染、抗糖尿病、刺激成骨细胞分化、保肝、调血脂、改善认知障碍、预防视网膜病变和调节肠道菌群等,其中抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗感染活性得到的关注最多。利用药用植物亲缘学理论对其不同知识体系间的联系进行分析讨论,初步阐释了槭属植物的药用亲缘关系,为槭属植物药用资源开发利用和深入研究提供参考。

The rich plant resources of Acer L. have extensive medicinal values. China is home to the most species of Acer in the world and has rich records on the traditional medicinal uses of Acer plants. However, the medicinal potential of this genus has not been fully recognized and utilized. On the basis of the medical records of Acer in the world, this paper summarizes the genetic relationship, chemical composition, and therapeutic activities of Acer. The phylogenetic studies based on morphology and molecular biology have achieved great progress, while more systematic studies are needed. Thirty-eight species, 3 subspecies, and 1 varietas of Acer have a long history of folk medicinal uses for osteoarticular system diseases, eye diseases, and various pains, and they are mainly used in East Asia and North America. Over 350 chemical components have been identified in plants of Acer, including flavonoids, tannins, diarylheptanes, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids, and steroids.The plants of Acer have antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-infection, anti-diabetes, osteoblast differentiationinducing, liver-protecting, lipid-lowering, cognitive disorder-repairing, retinopathy-preventing, and intestinal flora-regulating activities, among which the antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-infection activities have received the most attention.Furthermore, the pharmacophylogenetic relationship of Acer was preliminarily explained on the basis different knowledge systems. This review provides reference for further research and development of the medicinal resources of Acer.