纳米氮化硼增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Nano-boron Nitride Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

在金属中添加陶瓷增强相是调控和改善金属材料结构和性能的重要途径。传统硬质陶瓷增强相难以满足金属材料日益严苛的应用需求。以氮化硼纳米片(boron nitride nanosheet,BNNS)和氮化硼纳米管(boron nitridenanotube,BNNT)为代表的纳米氮化硼具有极大的比表面积和优异的力学性能、热稳定性、化学稳定性等,是制备性能优异的金属基复合材料的理想增强相。系统总结了纳米氮化硼的种类和特征,综述了纳米氮化硼增强金属基复合材料的制备方法,归纳了纳米氮化硼增强Cu、Al、Ti复合材料的研究成果,总结了纳米氮化硼/金属复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能,并揭示了复合材料性能改善的机理。最后,展望了纳米氮化硼/金属复合材料的发展趋势。

The introduction of ceramic fillers into metal is an effective way to optimize the microstructure and enhance the properties of metal.Traditional hard ceramic reinforcements are difficult to meet the rising application requirements of metal materials.Nano-boron nitrides such as boron nitride nanosheet(BNNS)and boron nitride nanotube(BNNT)are ideal fillers for high-performance MMCs due to the large specific surface areas and excellent mechanical,chemical and thermal properties.The types and performance of nano-boron nitrides were systematically reviewed.The preparation method of nano-boron nitride reinforced metal matrix composites was introduced.The research works that led to the advances in nano-boron nitride reinforced Cu,Al,and Ti matrix composites were summarized.The mechanical and wear properties of nano-boron nitride/metal composites were concluded,and the mechanisms improving performance of composites were also revealed.Finally,the promising outlook of nano-boron nitride/metal composites is prospected.