重组新城疫病毒载体疫苗研究进展

Progress on Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Vector Vaccine

新城疫病毒(NDV)作为疫苗载体可以在宿主的呼吸道组织细胞中有效复制,诱导产生针对外来抗原的局部和全身免疫反应。NDV的基因组较大,可以很好地容纳外源基因。作为RNA病毒,与宿主细胞发生DNA重组的可能性较小。由于宿主范围的限制,人群中没有预先存在的NDV抗体,NDV对人类来说相对安全。因此,NDV作为一种疫苗载体颇受关注。论文简要论述了NDV的生物学特征,外源基因的插入方式,重点阐述了重组新城疫病毒载体疫苗的研究进展,以期为设计其他有效的兽用和人用活载体疫苗提供参考。

Compared with traditional vaccines, NDV has unique advantages as a vaccine carrier: First, NDV can effectively replicate in the host’s respiratory tract and induce local and systemic immune responses against foreign antigens.Second, as a vaccine vector, NDV has a large genome and can accommodate foreign genes well.Third, as an RNA virus, it is less likely to undergo DNA recombination with host cells.Fourth, due to the limitation of the host range, there are no pre-existing NDV antibodies in the population, and NDV is relatively safe for humans.This article briefly discusses the biological characteristics of NDV,the insertion method of foreign genes, and focuses on the research progress of recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector vaccines, hoping to provide references for the design of other effective veterinary and human live vector vaccines.