口腔种植体周围菌群分布的研究进展

Advances in research on distribution of surroundings of implants

口腔种植体周围疾病(PIID)通常也称为种植体周围黏膜炎(PM)和种植体周围炎(PI)。细菌微生物是导致此类疾病的重要因素。虽然PM仅限于种植体周围黏膜并且是可逆的,但是PI会引起骨组织丧失。PIID临床表现类似于牙龈炎和牙周炎,但微生物组学研究表明,PIID与牙周病的菌群组成有显著差异。本文概述了种植体周围菌群的检测技术、健康及PIID状态下种植体周围的菌群分布,同时将种植体与天然牙周围的菌群进行对比。此外,对影响种植体周围细菌定植的结构特征进行总结,如种植体与基台之间连接的类型、基台和种植体的表面特性、残留的龈下黏接剂等。种植体周围菌群分布的研究为PIID的个性化诊断和治疗提供了新思路。

Peri-implant disease(PIID)is commonly referred to as peri-implant mucositis(PM)and peri-implantitis(PI).Bacterial microorganisms are an important factor in causing such diseases.Although PM is limited to the peri-implant mucosa and is reversible,PI can cause bone tissue loss.The clinical manifestations of PIID are similar to those of gingivitis and periodontitis,but microbiome studies have shown that the microbiota composition of PIID and periodontal disease is significantly different.This article provides an overview of techniques for the detection of peri-implant microorganisms.It also summarizes the peri-implant microbiota distribution in healthy and PIID states and compares them with the microbiota of natural teeth.In addition,structural features of implant dentures,such as the type of implant-abutment connection,the surface properties of abutment and implant,and residual subgingival adhesive,may affect bacterial coloniz.These studies provide new ideas for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of PIID.