铁肥对马铃薯生理特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of iron fertilizer on physiological characteristics, yield and quality of potato

为探明不同类型铁肥对马铃薯生理特性、产量及品质的影响,本研究以马铃薯品种大西洋为试验材料,设6个处理:对照(等量清水)、T1(36 mg/L硫酸铁)、T2(20 mg/L硫酸亚铁)、T3(15 mg/L柠檬酸+36 mg/L硫酸铁)、T4(15 mg/L柠檬酸+20 mg/L硫酸亚铁)和T5(6 mg/L螯合铁)。在块茎成熟期,与CK相比,T5处理马铃薯株高、茎粗增幅最大。在马铃薯块茎膨大期,T5处理叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较对照(CK)分别增加42.06%、49.66%和40.41%,丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量与CK相比分别降低了16.55%、40.64%。T5处理块茎产量最高,为62 537.22 kg/hm~2,与CK相比增加34.68%,T3处理的块茎产量次之。此外,T5处理马铃薯块茎的各项品质指标均优于其他处理,淀粉、还原糖、维生素C(Vc)、蛋白质含量分别较CK增加39.35%、21.34%、24.91%、30.72%。相关分析结果表明,马铃薯产量与株高、茎粗、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、小薯质量、中薯质量、中薯个数、大薯质量、大薯个数、淀粉含量、还原糖含量、V含量、蛋白质含量均呈正相关。T5处理和T3处理可促进马铃薯生长,增加抗氧化酶活性,提高产量,改善块茎品质。综合考虑,螯合铁肥效最佳,柠檬酸配施硫酸铁效果次之,本研究结果可为改善马铃薯施肥制度提供理论依据。

In order to explore the effects of different types of iron fertilizers on the physiological characteristics, yield and quality of potatoes, the potato variety Atlantic was used as the experimental material in this study, and six treatments were set up: CK(equal water), T1(36 mg/L ferric sulfate), T2(20 mg/L ferrous sulfate), T3(15 mg/L citric acid + 36 mg/L ferric sulfate), T4(15 mg/L citric acid +20 mg/L ferrous sulfate) and T5(6 mg/L chelated iron). At tuber maturity stage, the plant height and stem diameter of the potato under T5 treatment were significantly higher than those under other treatments. During the tuber bulking stage, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) in leaves under T5 treatment increased by 42.06%, 49.66% and 40.41% compared with CK, while the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline(Pro) decreased by 16.55% and 40.64%. The tuber yield was highest in T5 treatment, which was 62 537.22 kg/hm~2, increased by 34.68% compared with CK, followed by T3 treatment. In addition, the quality indicators of potato tubers under T5 treatment were better than those under other treatments, and the contents of starch, reducing sugar, vitamin C and protein increased by 39.35%, 21.34%, 24.91% and 30.72% compared with CK. The results of correlation analysis showed that potato yield was positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, weight of small tuber, weight of medium tuber, number of medium tuber, weight of large tuber, number of large tuber, starch content, reducing sugar content, vitamin C content and protein content. T5 and T3 treatments can promote potato growth, increase antioxidant enzyme activity, increase yield, and improve tuber quality. Therefore, chelated iron has the best effect, followed by citric acid combined with ferric sulfate, which can provide a theoretical basis for improving the fertilization system of potato.