用于二氧化碳捕获的固体吸附剂研究概述

Overview of Solid Adsorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture

CO_(2)作为温室气体,受到了全球的普遍关注,其捕获、应用和贮存技术成为了当下研究的热点问题。无论是对于CO_(2)的转化利用还是封存技术,其捕获是必要前提。近年来用于此领域的再生干燥吸附剂由于较低的能量需求和其他独特的属性引起了人们广泛关注。其中,碱金属(钠和钾等)碳酸盐因吸附温度低被视为有前途的吸附材料并常用作再生干燥吸附剂。但是基于Na_(2)CO_(3)和K_(2)CO_(3)的吸附剂具有反应速率慢或吸附剂再生温度高等问题。而活性炭吸附剂则有克服这些问题的特性。活性炭材料的比表面积、孔结构、表面性质、表面官能团都对CO_(2)的吸附有重要的影响,性能调控空间大。本文在介绍几种CO_(2)捕获技术基础上,对采用这些方法中常用的固体吸附剂进行了概述,对各种吸附剂优缺点进行了归纳,展望了碱金属碳酸盐及其包括活性炭在内的碳基复合材料在减少CO_(2)排放领域的应用前景。

As a greenhouse gas,CO_(2) has attracted worldwide attention,and its capture,application and storage technology has become a hot issue.Whether for CO_(2) conversion and utilization or storage technology,its capture is a necessary prerequisite.In recent years,regenerative drying adsorbents used in this field have attracted extensive attention because of their low energy demand and other unique properties.Among them,alkali metal(sodium,potassium,etc.)carbonates are regarded as promising adsorbents because of their low adsorption temperature and are often used as regenerative drying adsorbents.However,the adsorbents based on Na2CO3 and K2CO3 have the problems of slow reaction rate or high adsorbent regeneration temperature.Activated carbon adsorbent has the characteristics to overcome these problems.The specific surface area,pore structure,surface properties and surface functional groups of activated carbon materials have an important impact on CO_(2) adsorption,and there is a large space for performance regulation.Based on the introduction of several CO_(2) capture technologies,this paper summarizes the solid adsorbents commonly used in these methods,summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various adsorbents,and looks forward to the application prospect of alkali metal carbonate and its carbon matrix composites including activated carbon in reducing CO_(2) emission.