不同林分郁闭度对竹芋生长和产量的影响

Effects of Different Crown Densities on Growth and Yield of Maranta arundinacea

为探讨林分郁闭度对竹芋(Maranta arundinacea)生长和产量的影响,在不同郁闭度马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林分内及林外空地露天种植竹芋,测定并分析竹芋植株鲜重(不含薯)、株高、茎节数、第1茎节长和第2茎节长等生长指标及单株薯鲜重、单株薯数量、单薯平均重量和薯产量等产量指标,确定林下栽培竹芋的适宜林分郁闭度。结果表明,不同林分郁闭度下,植株鲜重(不含薯)和茎节数均随林分郁闭度增加而减少,株高、第1茎节长和第2茎节长均随林分郁闭度增加呈先增后减的趋势;单株薯鲜重和薯产量随林分郁闭度增加均呈降低趋势,单薯平均重量随林分郁闭度增加呈先减后增的趋势,单株薯数量随林分郁闭度增加呈先增后减的趋势。植株鲜重(不含薯)与单株薯鲜重、单株薯数量均呈极显著正相关,说明增加植株鲜重(不含薯)能提高竹芋产量;单株薯数量与茎节数呈极显著正相关,说明促进竹芋分枝可增加单株薯数量。郁闭度为0.2时,薯产量及单薯平均重量均显著或极显著高于其他郁闭度和林外空地的竹芋产量,该郁闭度是林下栽培竹芋的最适宜郁闭度。

In order to explore effects of crown densities on growth and yield of Maranta arundinacea,M.arundinacea were planted in Pinus massoniana plantation with different crown densities and in the open space outside the forest,growth indexes such as plant fresh weight(no tubers),plant height,node number,first node length and second node length,yield indexes such as tuber fresh weight in single plant,tuber number in single plant,average weight of single tuber,tuber yield,were all determined and analyzed to understand suitable crown density for M.arundinacea cultivation under forest.Results showed that plant fresh weight(no tubes)and node number decreased with increase of stand crown density.Plant height,first node length and second node length increased and then decreased with increase of stand crown density.Tuber fresh weight in single plant and tuber yield showed decreasing trend with increase of stand crown density.Average weight of single tuber decreased and then increased with increase of stand crown density.Tuber number in single plant increased and then decreased with increase of stand crown density.Plant fresh weight(no tubers)was extremely significantly correlated with tuber fresh weight in single plant,tuber number in single plant,indicating that increasing plant fresh weight(no tubes)could improve yield of M.arundinacea.Tuber number in single plant was extremely significantly correlated with node number,indicating that promoting branching of M.arundinacea could increase tuber number in single plant.Tuber yield and average weight of single tuber were significantly or extremely significantly higher when crown density was 0.2,which was the most suitable density for cultivating M.arundinacea.