新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生前后上海市猩红热流行病学特征的变化

Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Shanghai City

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情发生前后上海市猩红热病例的流行病学特征变化情况,为科学防控猩红热提供参考依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中发病时间为2016年1月至2021年6月的上海市猩红热病例的信息,采用描述性流行病学方法分析COVID-19疫情发生前后(疫情发生前为2020年之前,疫情发生后为2020年1月及之后)上海市猩红热报告病例时间趋势、地区分布和年龄、性别分布的差异。结果2016年1月至2019年12月猩红热月报告发病率为(0.22~4.02)/10万,中位数为1.13/10万;2020年1月至2021年6月猩红热月报告发病率为(0.01~1.64)/10万,中位数为0.14/10万,为COVID-19疫情发生前的12.39%。2021年2月至6月,猩红热月报告发病率为(0.18~0.58)/10万,较2020年同期的(0.01~0.05)/10万有上升趋势。2016年至2019年各区年报告发病率为(0.55~65.48)/10万,中位数为9.57/10万;2020年各区年报告发病率为(0.29~9.85)/10万,中位数为2.18/10万,为COVID-19疫情发生前的22.78%;发病率出现大幅下降,但仍以闵行区最高。报告病例以4~8岁人群为主,COVID-19疫情发生前后占比无明显差异,仍以6岁组发病率最高。报告病例中男性多于女性,COVID-19疫情发生前后男性占比无明显差异。结论COVID-19疫情发生后,上海市猩红热发病水平较疫情发生前出现大幅下降,病例所在地区和人群分布的主要流行病学特征未出现明显变化。

Objective To analyze the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever cases in Shanghai City before and after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control of scarlet fever.Methods The information of scarlet fever reported cases in Shanghai City from January 2016 to June 2021 in the information system of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control was collected,and the differences in time trend,regional distribution,age and gender distribution of cases before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Shanghai City were analyzed by descriptive epidemiologic method.Results The incidence rate of scarlet fever reported in 2016-2019 was(0.22-4.02)/100000 in each month,with a median of 1.13/100000.During January 2020(the outbreak began in Shanghai City)and June 2021,the incidence rate of scarlet fever was(0.01-1.64)/100000,with a median of 0.14/100000,which was 12.39%of that before the outbreak of COVID-19.During February and June 2020,the monthly reported incidence rate of scarlet fever was(0.18-0.58)/100000,showing an upward trend compared with the same period in 2020((0.01-0.05)/100000).From 2016 to 2019,the annual reported incidence rate of each district was(0.55-65.48)/100000,with a median of 9.57/100000;while in 2020,the annual reported incidence rate of each district was(0.29-9.85)/100000,with a median of 2.18/100000,which was 22.78%of that before the outbreak of COVID-19.The incidence of scarlet fever dropped significantly.The incidence rate in Minhang District was still the highest.The cases were mainly four to eight years old,and there was no substantial difference of the proportions before and after COVID-19 pandemic,with the incidence rate of six years old group the highest.The proportion of male was more than female in reported case,while the male ratio in reported cases was not significantly different before and after COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions The incidence rate of scarlet fever in Shanghai City has dropped sharply after COVID-19 pandemic.The main epidemiological characteristics of the regional and population distribution of cases remain unchanged.