豫西黑猪与不同品种猪间体尺性状、胴体性状和肉质性状的比较与分析

Comparison and Analysis of Body Size,Carcass and Meat Quality Traits between Yuxi Black Pigs and Other Breeds

本研究旨在比较河南省地方品种豫西黑猪与河南地方培育品种(豫南黑猪)及引进猪种(大白猪)在体尺性状、胴体性状和肉质性状上的差异,为河南省地方品种猪的开发和利用提供参考。选择同等条件下健康状况良好的6头(112.07±4.31)kg豫西黑猪、8头(110.00±4.54)kg豫南黑猪及8头(108.89±8.78)kg大白猪进行性能测定与分析。结果显示:对于体尺性状,豫西黑猪的体长高于豫南黑猪和大白猪(P<0.01),胸围高于大白猪(P<0.01),腿臀围低于豫南黑猪和大白猪(P<0.05),其他指标品种间差异不显著。对于胴体性状,豫西黑猪的平均背膘厚、皮厚、皮率、脂肪率均高于豫南黑猪和大白猪(P<0.01),瘦肉率、腿臀比例均低于豫南黑猪和大白猪(P<0.01)。对于肉质性状,豫西黑猪的肉色、大理石纹、肌内脂肪含量均高于大白猪(P<0.01),与豫南黑猪间差异不显著。综上,豫西黑猪的肉质性状各项指标均优于豫南黑猪和大白猪,体尺性状和胴体性状的相关指标有待于进一步改善。

To understand the differences on body size traits,carcass traits and muscle quality traits among Yuxi black pig,Henan indigenous breeds and cultivated breeds,six Yuxi black pigs(112.07±4.31kg),eight Yunan black pigs(110.00±4.54kg)and eight Yorkshire pigs(108.89±8.78 kg)under the same conditions were randomly selected to investigate the body size traits,carcass traits and meat quality.The result shows that,for body size traits,the body length of Yuxi black pigs were significantly higher than that of Yunan black pigs and Yorkshire pig(P<0.01),the chest circumference were significantly higher than that of Yorkshire pigs(P<0.01),and legs buttocks circumference of Yuxi black pigs were significantly lower than Yunan black pigs(P<0.05),there was no significant difference for other indexes(P>0.05).For carcass traits,the average backfat thickness,skin thickness,skin rate and fat percentage of Yuxi black pigs were significantly higher than those of Yunan black pigs and Yorkshire pigs(P<0.01),percentage of lean meat and percentage of ham of Yuxi black pigs were significantly lower than those in Yunan black pig and Yorkshire Pig(P<0.01).In terms of meat quality,the meat color score,marble score and intramuscular fat content of Yuxi black pig were significantly higher than that of Yorkshire pig(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference with that of Yunan black pigs(P>0.05).In conclusion,compared with Yunan black pigs and Yorkshire pigs,the meat quality of Yuxi black pigs were obviously better than the other two breeds,and some of the indexes the body size and carcass traits of Yuxi black pigs also need to improve.The results provided important reference for the development and utilization of Yuxi black pigs of Henan Province.