不同配方肥对当归药材产量与质量性状的影响

Effect of formula fertilizer on the yield and quality of Angelica sinensis

筛选适宜当归生长、保证药材产量和质量的配方肥,为当归标准化栽培提供有效技术支撑。采用随机区组试验,设置20-15-10、18-13-9、27-14-10和18-23-10(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)4个配方处理,以常规施肥和不施肥为对照,测定根长、芦头茎粗、单根鲜重及浸出物、阿魏酸和挥发油含量等指标,研究不同配方肥对当归药材形态性状、鲜产量与质量的影响。结果表明,配方肥18-13-9(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)按1050 kg/·hm^(2)基施对当归成药期根部物质积累、药材商品性状及鲜产量的提高均具有显著效果。就药材质量性状而言,施肥在促进当归根系物质积累的同时降低了药材质量性状,但各指标均高于药典标准。综合当归药材产量和质量性状指标,长效硫基肥18-13-9(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)按1050 kg/·hm^(2)基施更适合当归标准化栽培。

In order to screen out the formula fertilizers suitable for the growth of Angelica sinensis and ensure the yield and quality of medicinal materials,and provide effective technical support for standardized cultivation of Angelica sinen-sis,the effects of different formula fertilizer on morphological characters,fresh yield and quality of transplanting Angelica sinensis were studied in genuine producing areas.The randomized block experiment was conducted to determine the root length,stem diameter,fresh weight of single root,extract,ferulic acid and volatile oil of fenurou in four formulations of 20-15-10,18-13-9,27-14-10 and 18-23-10(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)with conventional fertilization and no fertilization as control.The results showed that the formula fertilizer 18-13-9(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)at 1050 kg·hm^(-2) had significant effects on the root material accumulation,commodity characters and fresh yield of Angelica sinensis.In terms of quality traits,fertilization promoted the accumulation of root material and decreased the quality traits,but all indexes were higher than pharmacopoeia standards.Based on the yield and quality traits of Angelica sinensis,it is recommended that long-term sulfur-based fertilizer 18-13-9(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)be applied at 1050 kg·hm^(-2).