從崇佛到限佛:唐僧義紭及其經歷的兩個時代(武后—中宗、睿宗—玄宗)

From the Veneration of Buddhism to the Restriction of Buddhism:The Monk Yi Hong and the Two Ages He Experienced

唐蔡景撰寫的《述二大德道行記》記敍了唐僧義紭近六十年(672—731)的經歷。這是佛教急劇發展變化的六十年,期間佛教在武后和中宗的推動下,發展到鼎盛,而隨後又在玄宗時代遭到了全面抑制。對佛教發展來説,這是兩個截然不同的時代。義紭的行記記録了他所經歷的這兩個時代中的重要事迹,幾乎涉及了當時帝國佛教發展過程中的所有時代變革。他既見證了武后中宗時期的佛教大發展,也遭遇了玄宗限佛的浪潮。

The“Records of Yi Hong and Qian Shou”written by Cai Jing in the 19th year of Kaiyuan,recounts the development of the monk Yi Hong for nearly sixty years(672731).These 60 years have been a period of rapid change in the development of Buddhism,during which Buddhism grew to its heyday under the impetus of Empress Wu and Emperor Zhongzong,and was subsequently suppressed in its entirety under Emperor Xuanzong.These were two very different periods for the development of Buddhism.Yi Hong witnessed the great development of Buddhism under Empress Wu and Emperor Zhongzong,where he was given the opportunity to participate in the translation careers of the greatest monk Yi Jing,and travel to the Kapisa as an ambassador.He also encountered the wave of Xuanzong’s restriction of Buddhism,especially in the movement led by Yao Chong to eliminate the monks and nuns,in which he was personally in charge of the purification of the monks.