觀望與赴難:“奉天之難”中的京西北諸鎮

Hesitation and Loyalty:Military Governors in the North and West of Chang’An during“Fengtianzhinan”

在“奉天之難”中,鳳翔、涇原及朔方等鎮内部存在不同勢力的角逐,導致各鎮表現出觀望與赴難的不同態度。這跟代宗至德宗建中初期京西北藩鎮“多元交叉”的權力結構有關,其特點是在朔方、澤潞(後期幽州)、四鎮北庭行營三大勢力各自防區内,不同背景的人員交叉分佈,呈現犬牙交錯的格局。這一權力結構從内部有效牽制了鳳翔、涇原、邠寧等鎮,爲德宗平叛贏得了機會。“奉天之難”後,京西北權力結構經歷了重新洗牌,“軍鎮林立,勢多分散”成了關内藩鎮新的特點,這種通過分化權力以控制地方的方式,與大曆以來一脈相承。

In the event called“Fengtianzhinan”,Fengxiang,Jingyuan and Shuofang in the North and West of Chang’An,had different forces competing inside,which led to different attitudes towards the Battle of Fengtian.This was related to the power structure of“multiple intersections”in the north and west of Chang’An from the period of Daizong to the early period of Dezong.It was characterized by the three major forces of Shuofang,Zelu(later Youzhou),and Sizhenbeiting.Personnel are distributed across the area of north and west of Chang’An,showing a crisscrossed situation.This power structure led to the constraints of military governors in the“Fengtianzhinan”and won opportunities for Dezong to rebel.After“Fengtianzhinan”,the power structure in the north and west of Chang’An had undergone a reshuffle and evolved into the new characteristics which was“multi-power and serried-army”.This method of controlling localities by dividing power was inherited from the policy of Dali.