《賢智集》:僅見的西夏個人詩文彙編

Collection of Virtue and Wisdom:A Unique Private Portfolio Compiled by Tanguts

鮮卑寶源的《賢智集》是迄今僅見的一部西夏個人詩文集,集内彙編的作品有偈頌、曲子詞、駢文等體裁,是身爲僧人的作者講經説法時的開篇詞或者收束語。這些作品産生於河西民間漢文化氛圍,除了受制於党項語言特點而不能模仿中原格律詩的平仄搭配模式外,每句的字數和用韻規則均與中原同類作品相近,而完全不同於党項民族的傳統詩歌風格。全部作品都用淺顯的語言宣示佛家的基本道理以及守戒修持的必要性,没有表現出很高的思想境界和文學技巧,但有助於認識12世紀西夏境内漢式文學的創作水平。本文提供了《賢智集》的全文漢譯。

The Collection of Virtue and Wisdom of Xianbei Baoyuan proves to be a Tangut private collection preserved nowadays,in which some gathas,lyrics and parallel-prose are compiled as the beginning or closing words uded by a monk author in his Buddhist preaching.These works,grew out of the Chinese cultural atmosphere along the Gansu Corridor,are similar to metrical poems of the Central Plain in their syllabic and rhythmic regulation,except the tonal collocation pattern which cannot be imitated by the feature of Tangut language.All the works collected,being quite different from those in the style of Tangut tradition,explain by vulgar expressions the basic principles of Buddhism and the necessity of practices with abstinence,in which not any higher ideological and literary levels are exhibited,but may provide us a help to recognize the aspect of Chinese literature within the 12th century Xixia.The full text of the Collection of Virtue and Wisdom is translated into Chinese in the present paper.